Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41687340›Full record

ArticleEnvironment international2026

Prenatal exposure to wildfire-related PM

Karl O'Sharkey, Sanjali Mitra, Ting Chow, Amanda J Goodrich, Kathryn C Conlon, Miriam Nuño, Deborah H Bennett, Sean Raffuse, Mohammad Astaneh, Yusheng Zhao and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Environment international, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Karl O'SharkeyDepartment of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Sanjali MitraDepartment of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Ting ChowDepartment of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Amanda J GoodrichDepartment of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Kathryn C ConlonDepartment of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Miriam NuñoDepartment of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Deborah H BennettDepartment of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Sean RaffuseAir Quality Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Mohammad AstanehDepartment of Land, Air, and Water Resources, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Yusheng ZhaoDepartment of Land, Air, and Water Resources, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Michael KleemanDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Beate RitzDepartment of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Rebecca J SchmidtDepartment of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; MIND Institute, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95616, USA. Electronic address: rjschmidt@health.ucdavis.edu.

Funding

Uncovering the Impact of Air Pollution Sources on Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Metabolomic Approach to Identifying Critical Biological PathwaysK99ES037743 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI Karl O'Sharkey · 2025 to 2026
$241k
NIEHS NIH HHS K99 ES037743NIEHS NIH HHS L70 ES035594
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundWildfire smoke is an increasingly prevalent source of air pollution and contains a complex mixture of neurotoxic constituents that could affect neurodevelopment, yet its potential role in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) etiology remains unexplored. We examined associations between wildfire-specific PM

methodsWe analyzed 8.6 million births in California from 2001 to 2019, linking records to ASD diagnoses in California Department of Developmental Services records through 2022. Wildfire-related PM

resultsContinuous wildfire-specific exposures during the pregnancy-period were weakly associated with ASD, but stronger effects emerged at high exposure percentiles and during intense wildfire episodes (≥ 35 µg/m

conclusionWildfire smoke exposure during pregnancy may increase ASD risk, particularly in low background air pollution and rural settings. High-intensity wildfire events were most strongly associated with ASD, underscoring the need for targeted policies, such as vegetation management, land use planning, and indoor filtration upgrades in the context of increasing wildfire frequency and severity.

Indexed as

Air PollutantsAutism Spectrum DisorderParticulate MatterPrenatal Exposure Delayed EffectsWildfiresAir PollutionCaliforniaFemaleHumansMalePregnancySmokeAir PollutantsParticulate MatterSmokeAir pollutionASDAutism Spectrum DisorderPM(2.5)WildfiresWUI

Identifiers

PMID41687340
PMCPMC12974097

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.