ArticlePloS one2026
Preparation and performance of composite agent with anti-seepage and friction reducing for pipe jacking in water-rich sand stratum.
Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pipe jacking in water-rich sandy strata is frequently suffered by rapidly increasing seepage-induced hazards (e.g., groundwater inrush at working shafts) in jacking lubrication, which is because their limited anti-seepage capacity of conventional bentonite-based lubricants. In order to enhance the lubrication and anti-seepage performance of lubricants along the pipe-soil annulus, this study developed a composite agent with anti-seepage and friction reducing, where graphite(SM) is used as lubrication, Na2CO3 is used as dispersibility, polyacrylamide(PAM) is used as thixotropy, polyisocyanates and polyols are used as primary agents, triethanolamine(TEA) and dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) are used as catalysts, and sodium silicate is used as water resistance due to the gelation effect at lower temperatures. The preparation method of the composite anti-seepage and friction reducing agent was investigated, and its macro- and micro-scale performance tests were conducted. Additionally, the optimal mix ratio was determined using the range analysis method and entropy weight method. The research indicates that the optimized composition of the composite anti-seepage and friction reducing agent is as follows: SM(0.8%-1.0%), PAM (2.0%-2.5%), Na2CO3 (0.3%-0.5%), DBTDL (1.4%-1.6%), TEA(1.0%-1.5%), and Na2O·3.1SiO2 (15%-20%). Compared to traditional bentonite-based friction reducing agent, the funnel viscosity range is reduced by 55%, the filtration loss range is reduced by 25%, the water separation rate is decreased by 4.5% (approaching 0), the friction coefficient is lowered by 20% ~ 28%, and the permeability coefficient reaches 3.5 × 10-⁵-5.0 × 10-⁵ cm/s. This paper addresses the issues of high frictional resistance and difficult waterproofing in jacking construction through water-rich sand stratum. The proposed preparation process of composite agent provides an essential material of practical route for reducing jacking forces and eliminating water inrush risks during pipe jacking in water-rich sandy strata.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.