ArticlePloS one2026
Determinants of underweight and overweight/obesity among people with tuberculosis in Kampala, Uganda: A cross-sectional study.
Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Multilevel analysis of noncommunicable diseases and associated factors among Ethiopian adults: evidence from the 2024 STEPS survey.Tropical medicine and health · 2026Article
- Tuberculosis-related stigma and associated factors among people with pulmonary tuberculosis predominantly co-infected with HIV in Kampala, Uganda: a cross-sectional study.Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases · 2026Article
- Effect of food insecurity on hazardous alcohol consumption and psychological well-being among people with tuberculosis in Kampala, Uganda.Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases · 2026Article
- Age and Gender Differences in the Association Between Risk Aversion and Risky Health Behaviors: Evidence from a Survey Experiment.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2026Article
- Dietary diversity and associated factors among people with tuberculosis in Kampala, Uganda: A cross-sectional study.Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases · 2025Article
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Abstract
backgroundMalnutrition significantly contributes to mortality among people with tuberculosis (TB). However, evidence on factors associated with the specific forms of malnutrition, specifically underweight and overweight/obesity, beyond clinical determinants, remains limited in many settings. We investigated the prevalence and determinants of underweight and overweight/obesity among people with pulmonary TB across five health facilities in Kampala, Uganda.
methodsThis analytic cross-sectional study involved people with pulmonary TB, either clinically diagnosed or bacteriologically confirmed, aged ≥18 years sampled across five health facilities in Kampala, Uganda. Nutritional status was assessed using body mass index (BMI, kg/m²) and categorized as underweight (<18.5), normal weight (18.5-24.9), and overweight/obese (≥25.0). To identify factors independently associated with nutritional status, normal weight was considered as the reference category in a multinomial logistic regression analysis, adjusting for multiple covariates and clustering at the health facility level. The measure of association was the adjusted relative risk ratios (aRRR) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI).
resultsOf the 818 participants studied, 417 (51.0%) had normal weight, 302 (36.9%) were underweight, and 99 (12.1%) were overweight or obese. Adjusted analysis showed that being underweight was associated with household food insecurity (aRRR 2.04, 95% CI: 1.48-2.80) while being overweight or obese was associated with self-employment (aRRR 2.26, 95% CI: 1.35-3.79) and being newly diagnosed with TB (aRRR 2.10, 95% CI: 1.30-3.41).
conclusionThis study, conducted among people with pulmonary TB in an urban setting in Uganda, showed that underweight and overweight/obesity are prevalent. Furthermore, the study showed that food insecurity is associated with being underweight, while being overweight or obese is associated with being self-employed or newly diagnosed with TB. Therefore, TB control programs need to regularly assess the nutritional status of people with TB to mitigate the effect of being underweight or overweight on treatment outcomes.
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