Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41686569›Full record

ArticleMedicine2026

Comparative evaluation of liraglutide plus metformin combination therapy versus metformin monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A retrospective clinical study.

Tingting Mai

Abstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in Medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Tingting MaiDepartment of Endocrinology, Heyuan People's Hospital, Heyuan, Guangdong Province, China.ORCID 0009-0001-4123-890

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Durable glycemic control remains challenging in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled with metformin alone. Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, has been proposed as a beneficial add-on therapeutic option. This retrospective study included adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated between March 2021 and March 2025. Patients were divided into a combination group receiving liraglutide plus metformin and a control group receiving metformin alone. Glycemic parameters and safety outcomes were assessed at baseline and after 6 months of treatment. Statistical comparisons were conducted using Welch t test and Chi-square or Fisher exact test. A total of 207 patients were analyzed. Compared with metformin monotherapy, combination therapy achieved greater reductions in glycated hemoglobin (-1.8 ± 0.9% vs -1.3 ± 0.8%; P < .001), fasting and postprandial plasma glucose, fasting insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. The proportion achieving composite glycemic targets was higher in the combination group (76.5% vs 57.9%; P = .006). Adverse event incidence and treatment discontinuation did not differ significantly between groups. Liraglutide add-on therapy provided superior glycemic improvement compared with metformin alone and demonstrated acceptable safety and tolerability.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Hypoglycemic AgentsLiraglutideMetforminAgedBlood GlucoseDrug Therapy, CombinationFemaleGlycated HemoglobinHumansInsulinInsulin ResistanceMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesTreatment OutcomeBlood GlucoseGlycated HemoglobinHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinLiraglutideMetforminglucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonistglycated hemoglobininsulin resistanceliraglutidemetformintype 2 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID41686569
PMCPMC12908829

What OpenQuestion holds

Texttitle and abstract
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.