Observational studyEsophagus : official journal of the Japan Esophageal Society2026
Can combined organ resection cure T4 esophageal cancer? Insights from a multi-institutional study of incomplete resection cases.
Observational study in Esophagus : official journal of the Japan Esophageal Society, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundIn patients with locally advanced T4 esophageal cancer, surgery is typically considered if curative resection appears feasible after chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. Many institutions do not perform surgery in cases with persistent T4 diseases, while some challenge combined organ resection to achieve curative resection. However, this approach may be inappropriate for patients at high risk of developing early postoperative distant metastases.
methodsWe retrospectively analyzed 445 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who were unable to undergo curative esophagectomy due to cancer invasion into surrounding organs. Survival outcomes, progression patterns, and predictive factors for distant progression as the initial site of failure were evaluated.
resultsDuring follow-up, 242 patients (54.8%) developed distant metastases as the initial site of progression. Multivariable analysis revealed pN2-3 (hazard ratio [HR] 2.14; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.45-3.17), pM1 (HR 2.11; 95% CI 1.22-3.64), and preoperative chemotherapy (HR 1.52; 95% CI 1.09-2.11) as significant predictors of distant progression. The 2-year distant progression rates were 76.3% (95% CI 67.2%-82.9%) for pN2-3, 78.3% (95% CI 55.5%-88.4%) for pM1, and 46.3% (95% CI 32.5%-57.3%) for pN0.
conclusionsIn patients with T4 esophageal cancer and extensive lymph node metastasis, the decision to perform combined organ resection should be made with caution. Conversely, T4 patients without lymph node metastasis may benefit from extended surgery with combined organ resection.
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