ArticleNaunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology2026
Synergistic anticancer effects of tamoxifen in combination with fisetin and chrysin on breast cancer cells: insights into viability, migration, and apoptosis.
Article in Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Breast cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide. Tamoxifen (TX) is widely used for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive (ER⁺) breast cancer; however, the development of drug resistance limits its long-term therapeutic effectiveness. Fisetin (Fis) and chrysin (Chry) are naturally occurring flavonoids that have demonstrated anticancer properties, including inhibition of cell proliferation and migration and induction of apoptosis. In this study, we evaluated the anticancer effects of Fis and Chry, individually and in combination with TX, in ER⁺ MCF-7 and triple-negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. Cells were treated with varying concentrations of Fis or Chry alone or in combination with TX. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay, while migratory and clonogenic capacities were evaluated by wound-healing and colony formation assays, respectively. Apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry, and the expression of invasion-related genes (MMP2 and MMP9) was quantified using real-time PCR. The results showed that Fis, Chry, and TX individually reduced cell viability, migration, and colony formation in both cell lines. Notably, combination treatments exerted significantly stronger cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic effects compared to single-agent treatments. Combination index (CI) analysis revealed CI values below 1, indicating a synergistic interaction between TX and the flavonoids. Furthermore, co-treatment markedly downregulated MMP2 and MMP9 expression. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that fisetin and chrysin enhance the anticancer efficacy of tamoxifen through synergistic mechanisms in breast cancer cells.
Indexed as
Identifiers
41686196What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.