Fabrication of Bortezomib and Noscapine-loaded PLGA nanoparticles: investigation of anti-bacterial, anti-proliferative activity, and apoptosis induction in triple-negative breast cancer cells.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) demonstrates elevated death rates in its advanced stage. Bortezomib (BTZ) and Noscapine (NCP) have potential as antitumor agents in various cancers, including TNBC. In this investigation, we present a way to enhance the therapeutic outcomes in TNBC by utilizing BTZ and NCP, employing poly(D,L-Lactide-coglycolide, PLGA). BTZ and NCP, which exhibit lower water solubility, were co-encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles (BN-PLGA) and stabilized with 0.5% PVA, resulting in a low PDI and greater homogeneity. Several spectroscopic techniques were used to analyze BTZ- and NCP-loaded PLGA (BN-PLGA NPs). The in vitro release of these drugs from BN-PLGA NPs was examined at physiological and acidic pH to evaluate the drug release process. The effectiveness of BN-PLGA NPs against TNBC (MDA-MB-231) was assessed. In vitro drug release at pH 7.4 and 5.0 showed that BTZ and NCP encapsulated in PLGA NPs containing 0.5% PVA were sustained, unlike the free drugs, which showed a relatively rapid release. BN-PLGA NPs containing 0.5% PVA were spherical, with a mean diameter of 223 nm, and exhibited high encapsulation efficiency (BTZ ∼ 83%, NCP ∼ 78%) and enhanced cytotoxicity relative to BTZ monotherapy in vitro. The BN-PLGA NPs showed better MICs against P. aeruginosa, S. epidermidis, and S. aureus than the pure drug. The findings indicate that combining NCP and BTZ via PLGA NPs could be a viable approach for TNBC treatment, potentially paving the way for extensive in vivo investigations to assess the safety and efficacy of these innovative nanoformulations using TNBC animal models.