Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41686082›Full record

ArticleJournal of neurophysiology2026

Value coding by primate amygdala neurons complies with the continuity axiom of economic choice theory.

Fabian Grabenhorst, Wolfram Schultz, Simone Ferrari-Toniolo

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of neurophysiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Fabian GrabenhorstDepartment of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-6455-0648
Wolfram SchultzDepartment of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-8530-4518
Simone Ferrari-TonioloDepartment of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0001-9009-0764

Funding

UKRI | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)Wellcome Trust 095495Wellcome Trust 204811Wellcome Trust 206207Wellcome Trust (WT) 206207/Z/17/AWellcome Trust (WT) 206207/Z/17/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The primate amygdala contributes to decision-making by encoding the subjective value of rewards, but whether these signals align with principles of economic theory remains unclear. Here, we tested compliance of amygdala value coding with the continuity axiom of expected utility theory (EUT), which posits a trade-off between reward probability and magnitude, in two male macaques. Given three ranked gambles, axiom-compliance was assessed via the monkeys' behavioral indifference between the intermediate gamble and a probabilistic combination of the other two. Choices reflected probability-magnitude integration to scalar subjective values consistent with the axiom. In a nonchoice task, amygdala neurons showed graded responses to probability and magnitude cues that reflected these individual preferences, equalizing at subjective indifference. During choice, amygdala neurons directly integrated these value components and translated them into chosen-value and choice signals. These findings demonstrate that amygdala neurons represent behaviorally relevant, preference-based values in accordance with EUT's continuity axiom, and contribute to translating these values into economic decisions.

Indexed as

AmygdalaChoice BehaviorNeuronsRewardAnimalsCuesMacaca mulattaMalechoicedecision-makingmacaquerewardsubjective value

Identifiers

PMID41686082
PMCPMC7618829

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.