Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41685874›Full record

ArticleBritish journal of clinical pharmacology2026

Developing medication independence: The experience of UK teenagers.

Holly Hutchins, Charlotte King, Louis Bioletti, Tsegay Gebru, Daniel B Hawcutt

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in British journal of clinical pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Developing medication independence: The experience of UK teenagers.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Holly HutchinsMedical School, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Charlotte KingDepartment of Women's and Children's Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7887-3640
Louis BiolettiMedical School, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Tsegay GebruDepartment of Health Data Science, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Daniel B HawcuttDepartment of Women's and Children's Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8120-6507

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsThere is a progression through childhood from being provided medications by caregivers to having to take responsibility for medications yourself, but little is known about when the transition of adolescents managing medicines begins. The aim of this study was to obtain a cross-sectional sample of UK adolescents and when they become independent with medications.

methodsA prospective anonymous survey was conducted during the school academic year 2023/2024. Participating secondary schools were members of the Alder Hey Research Ambassador Scheme. This survey included questions to assess their demographics and usage of medications.

resultsA total of 3164 responses were received from 18 schools and colleges. Among participants, 1749 (55.4%) were female, with a mean age of 15.3 years (range 13-18). In the last 6 months, 1414 (45%) participants had used prescription medications, and 1660 (53%) had used over-the-counter (OTC) medications. Overall, 937 (30%) participants reported using medications without parental knowledge, of which 67 (7.2%) were prescription medicines. Female adolescents were more likely than male adolescents for all ages to be using medicines without parental knowledge (p < 0.001). OTC medicines purchased were most commonly reported as analgesics (paracetamol and ibuprofen) and antihistamines.

conclusionsYoung people acquire different aspects of medication independence throughout the teenage years and are varied among females and males. These data can inform the timing and content of educational information supplied to adolescents regarding medications and can be utilized by educational institutes in the United Kingdom, as well as healthcare and pharmaceutical industries to ensure their information is appropriate for different ages.

Indexed as

Health Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeNonprescription DrugsPrescription DrugsAdolescentCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleProspective StudiesSurveys and QuestionnairesUnited KingdomNonprescription DrugsPrescription Drugsadolescenceindependencemedicationschool children

Identifiers

PMID41685874
PMCPMC13304253

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.