ReviewFrontiers in immunology2026
Neoadjuvant immunotherapy for lung cancer: current limitations and future prospects.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Efficacy and safety of nab-paclitaxel in advanced or recurrent small cell lung cancer: a single-arm meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Advances in neoadjuvant immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Research progress in augmentation strategies for PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in bladder cancer: from biological determinants to clinical applications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounting for the majority of cases. For resectable early-stage NSCLC, surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy remain the standard treatments, but the recurrence rate is high, and long-term survival outcomes are suboptimal. In recent years, immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has revolutionized the treatment of advanced NSCLC and is gradually being extended to early-stage disease. Neoadjuvant immunotherapy, as an emerging strategy, aims to activate anti-tumor immune responses preoperatively, eliminate microscopic metastases, and downstage tumors, thereby improving surgical resectability and enhancing long-term survival for patients. Several clinical trials have demonstrated that neoadjuvant immunotherapy, either alone or in combination with chemotherapy, significantly increases the major pathological response (MPR) and pathological complete response (pCR) rates, translating into improvements in event-free survival (EFS). However, this promising therapeutic approach faces numerous challenges, including the lack of precise biomarkers for efficacy prediction, unclear treatment strategies for patients with driver gene-positive tumors, primary and secondary resistance, management of immune-related adverse events (irAEs), and the complexities of post-treatment efficacy evaluation. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the latest clinical evidence on neoadjuvant immunotherapy for lung cancer, delve into the main challenges and opportunities encountered in clinical practice, and explore its future directions, including novel combination therapies, personalized treatment strategies, and the application of innovative technologies, with the goal of optimizing clinical management for early-stage lung cancer patients and advancing research in this field.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.