Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41685205›Full record

ArticleHRB open research2026

Developing A Complex Intervention to Integrate Community Paramedics in GP Out-of-Hours Care in Ireland: A Qualitative Study.

Colette Cunningham, Siobhan Masterson, Alan Batt, J D Heffern, Shane Knox, Diarmuid Quinlan, Cathal O'Donnell, Deirdre O'Donnell, Tomas Barry

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in HRB open research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Colette CunninghamSchool of Medicine, University College Dublin School of Medicine, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3135-0164
Siobhan MastersonNational Ambulance Service, Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3003-4792
Alan BattFaculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6473-5397
J D HeffernCommunity Paramedicine, International Roundtable on Community Paramedicine, Indigenous Services, Canada, Canada.
Shane KnoxNational Ambulance Service, Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland.
Diarmuid QuinlanIrish College of General Practitioners, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7542-6028
Cathal O'DonnellNational Ambulance Service, Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland.
Deirdre O'DonnellCentre for Interdisciplinary Research, Innovation and Education in Health Systems, University College Dublin School of Nursing Midwifery and Health Systems, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7562-5484
Tomas BarrySchool of Medicine, University College Dublin School of Medicine, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3453-8194

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Significant workforce challenges are evolving in Irish general practice, which limit all aspects of practice, especially out-of-hour care. Community Paramedics can support general practitioner (GP) out-of-hour care and potentially improve the system efficiency in Ireland. Methods: Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with purposively recruited participants using a schedule informed by the existing research. A thematic analysis was undertaken based on the Braun and Clarke approach and supported by the NVivo software. Themes were developed based on the concept of preliminary key model components. The study was conducted in accordance with Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research. Results: Comprehensive data analysis generated four major themes: Workforce Management, Synergies in Healthcare, Progressive Futuristic Care, and Safe Practice. These themes formed the basis for the further development of the preliminary key model components. Conclusion: This study suggests that the integration of Community Paramedics into GP out-of-hour care in Ireland can be successfully launched if workforce planning is carefully considered. The role of the Community Paramedic must be defined, regulated, and governed in conjunction with the National Ambulance Service, the Pre Hospital Emergency Care Council, and the Department of Health in Ireland. Patient care must be underpinned by safe and effective care practices that are continuously audited and evaluated, and the scope of practice must be defined and maintained by each Community Paramedic through a guided educational system that incorporates continuous professional development. GPs can provide support to community paramedics, including the use of information technology, as required. GPs and Community Paramedics can work together to synergize healthcare and provide safe and effective care to patients in the domiciliary setting during out-of-hour hours, thus reducing emergency department attendance and increasing the GP's capacity to provide face-to-face consultations.

Indexed as

Community ParamedicGeneral PractitionerModel DevelopmentOut-of-Hours Care

Identifiers

PMID41685205
PMCPMC12891948

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.