ArticleBiological psychiatry global open science2026
Lower Gyrification of the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: An ENIGMA-PTSD Study.
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77 authors.
Ahmed HussainBrain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.
C Lexi BairdBrain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.
Ashley A HugginsDepartment of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.
Courtney C RussellBrain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.
Delin SunBrain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.
Leonel Rangel-JimenezBrain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.
Chadi G AbdallahDepartment of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
Michael AngstadtDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Geoffrey MayCenter for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas.
Hannah BergDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Jennifer U BlackfordUniversity of Nebraska Medical Center, Munroe-Meyer Institute, Omaha, Nebraska.
Josh CislerDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas.
Judith K DanielsDepartment of Clinical Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Nicholas D DavenportMinneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Richard J DavidsonCenter for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.
Maria DensmoreDepartment of Psychiatry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
Seth G DisnerMinneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Wissam El-HageUMR1253, Université de Tours, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Tours, France.
Amit EtkinDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, Palo Alto, California.
Negar FaniDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
Jessie L FrijlingDe Viersprong, Netherlands Institute for Personality Disorders, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Evan M GordonDepartment of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
Daniel W GrupeCenter for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.
Ryan A HerringaSchool of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.
Julia I HerzogDepartment of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
David HofmannInstitute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Anna R HudsonDepartment of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Tanja JovanovicDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
Anthony KingDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Saskia B J KochAmsterdam University Medical Center (UMC) University of Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Ruth A LaniusDepartment of Psychiatry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
Amit LazarovTel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel.
Gen LiLaboratory for Traumatic Stress Studies, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Israel LiberzonDepartment of Psychiatry, Texas A&M University, Bryan, Texas.
Shmuel LissekDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Guangming LuDepartment of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
Antje MantheyCharité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Adi Maron-KatzDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, Palo Alto, California.
Katie A McLaughlinDepartment of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Sven C MuellerDepartment of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Laura NawijnAmsterdam University Medical Center (UMC) University of Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Steven M NelsonCenter for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas.
Yuval NeriaNew York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York.
Richard W J NeufeldDepartment of Psychiatry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
Jack B NitschkeDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.
Bunmi O OlatunjiDepartment of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.
Miranda OlffAmsterdam University Medical Center (UMC) University of Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Matthew PeverillDepartment of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
Rongfeng QiDepartment of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
Yann QuidéSchool of Psychology, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Orren RavidNew York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York.
Ivan RektorCentral European Institute of Technology, Multimodal and Functional Neuroimaging Research Group, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republicia.
Kerry J ResslerDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
Pavel ŘíhaCentral European Institute of Technology, Multimodal and Functional Neuroimaging Research Group, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republicia.
Marisa RossNorthwestern Neighborhood and Network Initiative, Northwestern University Institute for Policy Research, Evanston, Illinois.
Kelly SambrookDepartment of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
Christian SchmahlDepartment of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
Anika SierkUniversity Medical Centre Charité, Berlin, Germany.
Scott R SponheimMinneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Jennifer S StevensDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
Thomas StraubeInstitute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Benjamin Suarez-JimenezDepartment of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.
Jean ThébergeDepartment of Psychiatry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
Nic J A van der WeeDepartment of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
Steven J A van der WerffDepartment of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
Sanne J H van RooijDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
Mirjam van ZuidenAmsterdam University Medical Center (UMC) University of Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Dick J VeltmanAmsterdam University Medical Center (UMC) University of Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Robert R J M VermeirenDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
Henrik WalterUniversity Medical Centre Charité, Berlin, Germany.
Li WangLaboratory for Traumatic Stress Studies, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Xi ZhuDepartment of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York.
Ye ZhuLaboratory for Traumatic Stress Studies, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Sigal Zilcha-ManoDepartment of Psychology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
Neda JahanshadImaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California.
Paul M ThompsonImaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California.
Rajendra A MoreyBrain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.
Funding
Atlanta Clinical and Translational Science Institute (ACTSI) RenewalUL1TR000454 · NCATS · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI STEPHENS, DAVID S · 2012 to 2016
$25.8MWISCONSIN CENTER ON MENTAL RETARDATION: CORE SUPPORTP30HD003352 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI SVAREN, JOHN P · 1985 to 2015
$25.2MX LINKED NYSTAGMUS SYNDROME WITH FEATURES OF ALBINISMM01RR000039 · NCRR · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI VACCARINO, VIOLA · 1985 to 2007
$21.3MTRAINING PROGRAM IN EMOTION RESEARCHT32MH018931 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI Richard J Davidson · 1989 to 2026
$11.6MNeural Substrates of Affective Style and Emotion RegulationR01MH043454 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI DAVIDSON, RICHARD J, SCHAEFER, STACEY M · 1989 to 2022
$9.6MGenetic and Trauma-Related Risk Factors for PTSDR01MH071537 · NIMH · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI RESSLER, KERRY J. · 2005 to 2014
$8.5MTrauma and Genomics Modulate Brain Structure across Common Psychiatric DisordersR01MH111671 · NIMH · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI MARK W LOGUE, RAJENDRA A MOREY · 2017 to 2026
$4.4MEmory University BIRCWH ProgramK12HD085850 · NICHD · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI OFOTOKUN, IGHOVWERHA, STERK, CLAIRE E · 2015 to 2023
$4.4MHigh resolution mapping of the genetic risk for disease in the aging brainR01AG059874 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI JAHANSHAD, NEDA · 2018 to 2022
$3.1MGeneralized Fear-Conditioning & Avoidance: Neurobiology & Transdiagnostic ImportR01MH107382 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI LISSEK, SHMUEL MORDECHAI · 2016 to 2020
$2.1MMechanisms of Intergenerational Impact of Maternal TraumaR01HD071982 · NICHD · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI BRADLEY, BEKH · 2013 to 2017
$2.1MNeural Signature of Fear Overgeneralization in Trauma Exposed AdultsR01MH105355 · NIMH · NEW YORK STATE PSYCHIATRIC INSTITUTE DBA RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR MENTAL HYGIENE, INC · PI NERIA, YUVAL Y · 2015 to 2018
$1.7MCSRD VA IK2 CX001680NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000454NCRR NIH HHS M01 RR000039NIA NIH HHS R01 AG059874NICHD NIH HHS K12 HD085850NICHD NIH HHS P30 HD003352NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD071982NIMH NIH HHS K01 MH118428NIMH NIH HHS K01 MH122774NIMH NIH HHS K23 MH101380NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH043454NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH071537NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH105355NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH107382NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH111671NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH117601NIMH NIH HHS R21 MH098212NIMH NIH HHS R21 MH106998NIMH NIH HHS R56 MH071537NIMH NIH HHS T32 MH018931RRD VA I01 RX000622RRD VA IK2 RX000709RRD VA IK2 RX002922
Abstract
Background: Cortical gyrification involves the formation of folds in the cerebral cortex, coinciding with key neurodevelopmental processes. Its strong correlation with increased cortical surface area and decreased cortical thickness may improve cortical signaling efficiency by decreasing cortico-cortical distance. Differences in brain structure have been found in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), yet few small studies have examined cortical gyrification. Methods: Gyrification was quantified using FreeSurfer's Local Gyrification Index (lGI), derived from 3-dimensional T1-weighted volumetric brain magnetic resonance imaging in 1876 participants (PTSD Results: PTSD diagnosis and severity were both associated with lower lGI for the right medial orbitofrontal and right rostral anterior cingulate cortices. The interaction of PTSD and age was associated with lower lGI for the rostral middle frontal cortex bilaterally. Contrasting comorbid PTSD and major depressive disorder with the PTSD-only group showed that comorbidity was associated with lower lGI in the left inferior and medial temporal cortices. Conclusions: Lower lGI, which is associated with impaired signaling efficiency, was observed in the PTSD group compared with the control group for the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, a region that has been strongly implicated in associative fear learning and extinction. It is possible that PTSD accelerates the typical age-associated decline in lGI of the rostral middle frontal cortices.
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CortexENIGMA Consortium GyrificationNeuroimagingPTSD Ventromedial prefrontal cortex
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