ArticleACS applied energy materials2026
Evaluation of the Interphase-Related Cycling Stability of Thin-Film Amino- and Hydroxy-Substituted Anthraquinone Electrodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries.
Article in ACS applied energy materials, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
This study investigates sustainable approaches to designing organic cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries, aiming to replace traditional metal-based electrodes. Organic materials present a promising alternative due to their lower environmental impact, supply chain stability, and tunable electrochemical properties. In this work, the electrochemical performance of 12 commercially available amino- and hydroxy-substituted anthraquinone derivatives, including several naturally occurring compounds, was systematically evaluated in sodium-ion battery systems. By focusing on readily available commercial materials, this study identified the most stable and effective candidates for organic cathodes in sodium-ion batteries. Notably, the majority of these derivatives have never been tested in galvanostatic cycling in either lithium or other post-lithium battery systems. Through systematic testing, challenges such as high solubility and limited redox reactivity were addressed, demonstrating how careful material selection can yield high-performance, long-cycle-life organic cathodes. The performance of these materials was found to be strongly influenced by their solubility in the electrolyte as well as their structural and electronic properties, including electron-accepting capabilities and sodium coordination behavior. Among the studied materials, 1,8-dihydroxy-anthraquinone and 1,8-diamino-anthraquinone demonstrate superior cycle stability, maintaining 72% and 73% capacity retention, respectively, over 100 charge-discharge cycles, followed by 1,5-diamino-anthraquinone and 1-hydroxy-anthraquinone with 64% and 66%. These findings not only advance the development of organic cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries but also highlight the potential of sustainable material choices to enable scalable and environmentally friendly energy storage solutions, supporting the transition to a greener energy future.
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