Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41684823›Full record

ArticleEcology and evolution2026

Risk Factors and Coinfection Dynamics of Pathogens in Wild Turkeys (

Ryan W Koch, Axel O G Hoarau, Tryssa de Ruyter, Caitlin Duffy, Lucie Pascarosa, Kerry A Campbell, Casey L Maynard, Andrew Cushman, Heather Flick, Anthony Musselman and 15 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Ecology and evolution, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

25 authors.

Ryan W KochDepartment of Pathobiology, Wildlife Futures Program University of Pennsylvania Kennett Square Pennsylvania USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3951-2391
Axel O G HoarauDepartment of Pathobiology, Wildlife Futures Program University of Pennsylvania Kennett Square Pennsylvania USA.
Tryssa de RuyterDepartment of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology Washington State University Pullman Washington USA.
Caitlin DuffyDepartment of Pathobiology, Wildlife Futures Program University of Pennsylvania Kennett Square Pennsylvania USA.
Lucie PascarosaDepartment of Pathobiology, Wildlife Futures Program University of Pennsylvania Kennett Square Pennsylvania USA.
Kerry A CampbellDepartment of Pathobiology, Wildlife Futures Program University of Pennsylvania Kennett Square Pennsylvania USA.
Casey L MaynardDepartment of Pathobiology, Wildlife Futures Program University of Pennsylvania Kennett Square Pennsylvania USA.
Andrew CushmanPennsylvania Game Commission Harrisburg Pennsylvania USA.
Heather FlickPennsylvania Game Commission Harrisburg Pennsylvania USA.
Anthony MusselmanPennsylvania Game Commission Harrisburg Pennsylvania USA.
Julianna PatskoPennsylvania Game Commission Harrisburg Pennsylvania USA.
Rachel BealerPennsylvania Game Commission Harrisburg Pennsylvania USA.
Graham RhonePennsylvania Game Commission Harrisburg Pennsylvania USA.
Mary Jo CasalenaPennsylvania Game Commission Harrisburg Pennsylvania USA.
Andrew Di SalvoPennsylvania Game Commission Harrisburg Pennsylvania USA.
Ken DurenPennsylvania Game Commission Harrisburg Pennsylvania USA.
Jay T ArmstrongDepartment of Pathobiology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA.
Frances E BudermanDepartment of Ecosystem Science and Management Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9778-9906
R Scott LarsenDepartment of Pathobiology, Wildlife Futures Program University of Pennsylvania Kennett Square Pennsylvania USA.
Caroline SobotykDepartment of Pathobiology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA.
Erica A MillerDepartment of Pathobiology, Wildlife Futures Program University of Pennsylvania Kennett Square Pennsylvania USA.
Kevin D NiedringhausDepartment of Pathobiology, Wildlife Futures Program University of Pennsylvania Kennett Square Pennsylvania USA.
Brock GearyDepartment of Pathobiology, Wildlife Futures Program University of Pennsylvania Kennett Square Pennsylvania USA.
Eman AnisDepartment of Pathobiology, Wildlife Futures Program University of Pennsylvania Kennett Square Pennsylvania USA.
Roderick B GagneDepartment of Pathobiology, Wildlife Futures Program University of Pennsylvania Kennett Square Pennsylvania USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Interactions between co-occurring pathogens can have complex and significant impacts on host survival, fitness, and population dynamics. While common in wildlife, coinfections are often overlooked, and research may create biased management perspectives when individual pathogens are assessed in isolation. Recent work has found that wild turkeys (

Indexed as

disease surveillanceinfectious diseasesLPDVMycoplasmaparasitewildlife

Identifiers

PMID41684823
PMCPMC12891437

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.