ReviewFrontiers in endocrinology2025
Lymphatic metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma: mechanism and clinicopathological physiology.
Review in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Prognostic significance of the extent of extranodal extension in patients with pN1b papillary thyroid carcinoma: a retrospective cohort study.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026Article
- Article
- FOXP Transcription Factors in Thyroid Cancer: From Molecular Expression to Clinical Significance.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Case Report: Concomitant BRAF V600E and PIK3CA H1047R mutations in a micro-papillary thyroid carcinoma with extensive nodal metastasis.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Comprehensive analysis of carotid triangle lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- The role of plectin as a druggable target in papillary thyroid carcinoma: therapeutic potential of troglitazone.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Lymphatic metastasis is a hallmark feature of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), occurring in 30-80% of patients and significantly influencing clinical management. This review comprehensively examines the biological, anatomical, and clinical characteristics of lymphatic spread in PTC, focusing on its diagnostic and therapeutic implications. We detail the molecular mechanisms driving lymphangiogenesis, including the VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 axis and immune-evasion pathways, and highlight the distinct patterns of regional lymph node involvement-from central compartment (Level VI) to lateral (Levels II-V) and rare skip metastases. High-risk clinicopathological features, such as tumor size >2 cm, extrathyroidal extension, and aggressive histological variants, are discussed alongside molecular markers (BRAF V600E, TERT, RET/PTC) that predict metastatic potential. Management strategies are reviewed, balancing the benefits of prophylactic central neck dissection against its risks and emphasizing risk-adapted radioactive iodine therapy. Despite the frequency of lymphatic metastasis, its prognostic impact varies: microscopic nodal disease has minimal effect on survival, while macroscopic or extranodal extension increases recurrence and mortality risks. This synthesis of current evidence aims to guide clinicians in optimizing detection, treatment, and surveillance for PTC patients with lymphatic metastasis.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.