Molecular Surveillance, Evolution, and Vaccine Strain Match of the

Reem M Aljowaie, Ibrahim M Aziz, Mohamed A Farrag, Abdulaziz M Almuqrin, Fahad N Almajhdi

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Reem M AljowaieDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0001-5337-5381

Ibrahim M AzizDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-6970-5207

Mohamed A FarragDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-5632-6750

Abdulaziz M AlmuqrinDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0009-0004-7025-6543

Fahad N AlmajhdiDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-0135-7015

Funding

King Saud University ORF-2026-933

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Influenza viruses are characterized by their high mutation rates which require continuous molecular surveillance to ensure the annual effectiveness of influenza vaccines. The current study aimed to investigate the molecular evolution and vaccine match of the 2009 pandemic (A(H1N1) pdm09) virus circulating in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A total of 380 nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) were collected during the 2020-2023 winter seasons from patients with influenza-like illness. Influenza A virus (IAV) detection, typing, and amplification of

Indexed as

Evolution, MolecularHemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza VirusInfluenza A Virus, H1N1 SubtypeInfluenza, HumanInfluenza VaccinesNeuraminidaseViral ProteinsChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansInfantMalePandemicsPhylogenySaudi ArabiaHemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza VirusInfluenza VaccinesNeuraminidaseViral Proteinsinfluenza surveillanceinfluenza virusphylogenetic analysisvaccine effectivenessviral evolution

Identifiers

PMID41683837

DOI10.3390/ijms27031412

PMCPMC12897650

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.