ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2026
Antifibrotic Effects of
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Octopus-inspired suction-cup microneedle patch enables intralesional SMAD7/Budesonide co-delivery to disrupt TGF-β-driven fibrotic remodeling.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Alogliptin/Amentoflavone Combination Mitigates Bleomycin-Induced Lung Fibrosis: The Role of Oxidative Stress, TXNIP-Mediated Pyroptosis, and Autophagy/Apoptosis Balance.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPulmonary fibrosis (PF) is an irreversible interstitial lung disease in which the TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway plays a critical role in its pathogenesis. Due to the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of
methodsPF was induced with bleomycin, and TS was administered at concentrations of 50 and 100 mg/mL for 28 days. mRNA and protein levels of TGF-β1, SMAD2, COL1, and α-SMA in lung tissues isolated were analyzed using real-time PCR and ELISA. TNF-α levels in BALF were measured by ELISA. ROS and MDA levels in lung issues were determined using 2,7-DHCFDA and TBARS tests, respectively. Histopathological evaluation was performed using Hematoxylin-Eosin and Masson's trichrome staining. Blood samples were analyzed for kidney, liver, and cardiac toxicity markers. The chemical composition of TS was determined by GC-MS.
resultsTS significantly reduced levels of TGF-β1, SMAD2, COL1, α-SMA, TNF-α, ROS and MDA compared to the BLM group. PF alterations were markedly attenuated by TS treatment. Thymol, p-cymene and carvacrol were identified as major constituents of TS.
conclusionOverall, TS alleviates pulmonary fibrosis by suppressing the TGF-β/SMAD2 signaling pathway.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.