Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41683552›Full record

ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Exothermic Effects and Viscosity of Oxide Melts Formed During High-Temperature Reduction of Cr-Mn Ore Systems.

Yerbolat Makhambetov, Sultan Kabylkanov, Saule Abdulina, Armat Zhakan, Azamat Burumbayev, Zhadiger Sadyk, Amankeldy Akhmetov, Zhalgas Saulebek, Ruslan Toleukadyr, Arnat Smagulov and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Yerbolat MakhambetovChemical-Metallurgical Institute Named After Zh. Abishev, Karaganda 100030, Kazakhstan.
Sultan KabylkanovChemical-Metallurgical Institute Named After Zh. Abishev, Karaganda 100030, Kazakhstan.ORCID 0000-0002-1272-2065
Saule AbdulinaInternational School of Engineering, East Kazakhstan Technical University Named After D. Serikbayev, Ust-Kamenogorsk 070000, Kazakhstan.
Armat ZhakanChemical-Metallurgical Institute Named After Zh. Abishev, Karaganda 100030, Kazakhstan.ORCID 0009-0002-3810-0528
Azamat BurumbayevChemical-Metallurgical Institute Named After Zh. Abishev, Karaganda 100030, Kazakhstan.ORCID 0000-0001-5276-2259
Zhadiger SadykChemical-Metallurgical Institute Named After Zh. Abishev, Karaganda 100030, Kazakhstan.ORCID 0009-0006-8557-1532
Amankeldy AkhmetovChemical-Metallurgical Institute Named After Zh. Abishev, Karaganda 100030, Kazakhstan.ORCID 0000-0002-1606-838X
Zhalgas SaulebekChemical-Metallurgical Institute Named After Zh. Abishev, Karaganda 100030, Kazakhstan.
Ruslan ToleukadyrChemical-Metallurgical Institute Named After Zh. Abishev, Karaganda 100030, Kazakhstan.
Arnat SmagulovChemical-Metallurgical Institute Named After Zh. Abishev, Karaganda 100030, Kazakhstan.ORCID 0000-0001-5837-4257
Onuralp YücelDepartment of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey.ORCID 0000-0002-3879-0410

Funding

Science Committee of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. AP23488918
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study investigates the exothermic effects and viscosity properties of multicomponent oxide melts during the high-temperature reduction of low-grade Cr-Mn ores. Unlike previous thermodynamic-focused research, this work provides experimental evidence of transient exothermic responses and correlates them with melt properties. High-temperature experiments identified pronounced exothermic effects in the 800-1600 °C range. Phase analysis (XRD, SEM-EDS) confirmed effective Cr and Mn reduction into Fe-Cr-Mn-Si alloys with minimal residual oxides in the slag. Effective viscosity, measured via the electrovibrational method at 1400-1650 °C, decreased monotonically with temperature. Arrhenius analysis was applied to determine activation energies and crystallization onset temperatures (T

Indexed as

Arrhenius analysisCr–Mn systemexothermic reduction reactionsFactSagehigh-temperaturemulticomponent oxide meltsslag viscosity

Identifiers

PMID41683552
PMCPMC12899658

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.