ArticleFoods (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Walnut Peptide KG-7 Alleviates Scopolamine-Induced Memory Deficits and Enhances Paracellular Transport via Tight Junction Modulation in a Mouse Model.
Article in Foods (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Walnut peptide Lys-Gly-His-Leu-Phe-Pro-Asn (KG-7) is a food-derived bioactive peptide with a high antioxidant capacity. We systematically evaluated the ameliorative effects of KG-7 on scopolamine-induced memory deficits in mice and its intestinal absorption mechanisms through integrating motion behavior analysis, molecular biochemistry research, and fluorescence imaging technology. Morris water maze tests revealed that KG-7 significantly improved the behavioral performance of these mice. Further mechanistic investigations demonstrated that KG-7 restored cholinergic function by reducing acetylcholinesterase activity and increasing acetylcholine levels. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and hippocampal immunohistochemistry confirmed that KG-7 alleviated neuronal damage by downregulating Hes1 overexpression, clarifying its behavioral improvement mechanism. In vitro fluorescence imaging showed that KG-7 reached peak accumulation in brain tissue 8 h post-administration, confirming its brain delivery. To elucidate the absorption mechanism, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence revealed that KG-7 markedly reduced the expression of efflux transporter P-gp in the small intestine, thereby diminishing efflux activity, while weakened tight junction (Occludin, ZO-1) fluorescence indicated activation of the paracellular pathway. Western blot analysis confirmed that KG-7 enhanced paracellular absorption efficiency and reduced intestinal efflux by downregulating ZO-1, Occludin, and efflux transporters (P-gp, BCRP, and LRP1) alongside upregulating Claudin-2 expression. These findings provide a foundation for exploring walnut peptides that enhance memory and optimize absorption.
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