Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41683070›Full record

ArticleFoods (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Characteristic Aroma Fingerprint Disclosure of Apples (

Ning Ma, Jiancai Zhu, Heng Wang, Michael C Qian, Zuobing Xiao

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Foods (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Ning MaDepartment of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture & Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
Jiancai ZhuSchool of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China.
Heng WangDepartment of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture & Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
Michael C QianDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
Zuobing XiaoDepartment of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture & Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.

Funding

Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China Regional Innovation and Development Joint Fund U24A20474Key Program of the National Science Foundation of China 32330080Key Research and Development Projects of Henan Province 241111111100
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Apple aroma is an important factor influencing consumers' preferences. To understand the overall flavor characteristics of apples (Ruixue, Liangzhi, Grystal Fuji, and Guifei), volatile compounds and aroma profiles were investigated by headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS) combined with stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that a total of 56 aroma compounds were identified by SBSE-GC-MS, and 39 aroma-active compounds were screened out using aroma intensity (AI) and odor activity value (OAV). Aroma recombination experiments showed enhanced 'fruity' and 'sweet' notes, whereas 'floral', 'woody', and 'green' aromas were weaker compared to the Crystal Fuji sample. Additionally, GC-IMS coupled with principal component analysis (PCA) was used to distinguish the apple samples, and partial least squares regression (PLSR) was applied to explore the correlation between sensory attributes and characteristic aroma compounds. The results indicated that Crystal Fuji exhibited the greatest correlation with the "woody" attribute, and Ruixue was highly correlated with "fruity", "green", and "sour" attributes, while butanoic acid, β-damascenone, butyl acetate, pentyl acetate, furfuryl alcohol, γ-decalactone, and vanillin had a significant impact on the "flower" and "sweet" attributes of Guifei. This study clarified the characteristic aroma composition of the four apple cultivars, providing data support for apple flavor quality evaluation and cultivar optimization.

Indexed as

aroma-active compoundsaroma recombinationHS-GC-IMSPCAPLSRSBSE

Identifiers

PMID41683070
PMCPMC12896587

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.