ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2026
Noninvasive Biomarkers for Cardiac Allograft Rejection Monitoring: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions.
Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Serial Cardiac Troponin I Kinetics Do Not Improve Detection of Acute Cellular Rejection Beyond Concurrent Troponin Levels After Heart Transplantation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Serum CA125 for Detection of Antibody-Mediated Rejection in Heart Transplantation Recipients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cardiac transplantation remains an important therapy for end-stage heart failure, although allograft rejection continues to pose significant clinical challenges. This review evaluates both established and emerging blood-based biomarkers for noninvasive monitoring of rejection in heart transplant recipients. Donor-derived cell-free DNA (ddcfDNA) and gene expression profiling (GEP) represent well-validated, commercially available molecular tools that demonstrate strong discriminative capacity for acute rejection episodes. Additionally, microRNAs (miRs) and extracellular vesicles (EVs) show considerable potential as novel biomarkers, although further validation is required. In contrast, conventional biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), cardiac troponins, and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) offer limited specificity in the context of rejection. This review synthesizes current evidence on the clinical utility, methodological challenges, and integration strategies of these biomarkers, highlighting a shift toward molecular-based approaches for improving post-transplant surveillance and patient outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.