Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41682056›Full record

ArticlePolymers2026

Preparation of Low-Surface-Energy SSBR@FA Hybrid Fillers via Solution Mechanochemical Approach and Its Enhancement in Mechanical Strength on the Modified FA/SBR Composites.

Wei Gao, Jiangshan Zhao, Wei Qi, Zhaohui Huang, Guofeng Liu, Chuanqi Feng, Chao Sang, Xiujuan Wang, Xiaolei Zhang

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Polymers, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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3 · Its place in the literature

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0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Wei GaoShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Monocrystalline Silicon Semiconductor Materials and Technology, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China.
Jiangshan ZhaoShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Monocrystalline Silicon Semiconductor Materials and Technology, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China.
Wei QiCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Experimental Management Center, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China.
Zhaohui HuangShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Monocrystalline Silicon Semiconductor Materials and Technology, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China.
Guofeng LiuCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Experimental Management Center, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China.ORCID 0000-0003-0731-2595
Chuanqi FengShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Monocrystalline Silicon Semiconductor Materials and Technology, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China.
Chao SangShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Monocrystalline Silicon Semiconductor Materials and Technology, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China.
Xiujuan WangState Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Polymer and Manufacturing Technology/Key Laboratory of Advanced Rubber Material, Ministry of Education, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.ORCID 0000-0003-4007-797X
Xiaolei ZhangShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Monocrystalline Silicon Semiconductor Materials and Technology, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China.

Funding

Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation ZR2022QE227
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Owing to the substantial polarity difference and weak interfacial interaction, the large-scale application of fly ash (FA) in rubber materials still faces substantial challenges. To solve this issue, this study prepared a modified hybrid SSBR@FA filler through a solution mechanochemical reaction between solution-polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber (SSBR) and FA in a lab planetary ball mill. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analyses demonstrated the in situ grafting-neutralization between the carboxyl in the SSBR chains and metal oxides in FA. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that surface-grafted SSBR formed a rubber-constrained layer on FA particle surfaces, which can reduce their surface energy and improve the wettability between FA and SBR matrix. Compared with the SBR vulcanizate, the mechanical properties, thermal conductivity, and flame-retardant properties of the SBR/SSBR@FA vulcanizates were obviously improved. This was because of the uniform distribution of FA and the improved interfacial interaction between FA and the rubber matrix. For example, the tensile strength, tear strength, and elongation at break increased by 66.3%, 52.9%, and 17.7%, respectively. This easy, efficient, and environmentally modified method for FA was expected offer a practical and creative solution for its application in rubber manufacturing.

Indexed as

ball milling-surface modificationfly ashmechanical propertiesrubber

Identifiers

PMID41682056
PMCPMC12899258

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