Effect of Monochromatic Red, Blue, and White Light on Reproductive Hormones of Male Donkeys During the Non-Breeding Season.

Muhammad Faheem Akhtar, Ayman Abdel-Aziz Swelum, Changfa Wang

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

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0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Muhammad Faheem AkhtarLiaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, College of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China.

Ayman Abdel-Aziz SwelumDepartment of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0003-3247-5898

Changfa WangLiaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, College of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China.

Funding

Shandong Province Agricultural Major Technology Collaborative Promotion Plan SDNYXTTG-2024-13

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Red light suppresses melatonin and helps in improving reproductive efficiency in donkeys during the non-breeding season (November-February). In this study, the effects of red, blue, and white LED light were assessed. For this purpose, 40 adult Dezhou donkeys were divided into 4 groups, each receiving equal treatment for 40 days. All groups received 8 h of natural light. Additionally, the red group received 6 h of 50 lux of red LED light (468 nm) directed at a single eye. The blue group received 6 h of 50 lux of blue LED light (468 nm). The white group received 6 h of 50 lux of white LED light (468 nm), and the control group received only 8 h of natural sunlight. Blood samples were collected on the 21st, 28th, 34th, and 40th day of the experiment to analyze plasma hormone concentrations of progesterone (P4), Inhibin B (INH-B), Testosterone (T), Activin-A, Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Antimullerian Hormone (AMH), and Melatonin. In conclusion, red LED light directed at one eye showed the most promising results, elevating plasma hormone concentrations of testosterone (T), Activin A, LH, FSH, AMH, and melatonin.

Indexed as

artificial LED lightdonkey reproductionplasma hormones

Identifiers

PMID41681471

DOI10.3390/ani16030490

PMCPMC12896812

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.