ReviewAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2026
Development and Transformation of Veterinary Experimental In Vitro Models: From 2D Culture to 3D Organoids.
Review in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Stem Cell-Derived Organoids for Cancer Therapy: Precision Medicine and Drug Selection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Perspective: from pathogenesis to treatment in veterinary science through organoid disease modelling.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
In vitro models for animal experiments serve as a crucial bridge connecting basic research and clinical translation, and their developmental history profoundly reflects the paradigm shifts in life science research. This article's narrative reviews the evolutionary path from traditional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture to advanced three-dimensional (3D) organoid technology, focusing on how organoid technology overcomes the limitations of traditional models in terms of physiological relevance, species specificity, and ethical constraints. The review article elaborates on the current state of organoid research in veterinary science, including the construction of models for organs such as the intestine, liver, and reproductive system in livestock and companion animals. Addressing existing technical bottlenecks-such as insufficient model complexity, lack of standardization, and difficulties in simulating vascularization and the immune microenvironment-future development directions are proposed, including multi-organ chips, AI-assisted analysis, and the integration of gene editing. Research indicates that with the deep integration of cutting-edge technologies such as biomaterials, microfluidics, 3D printing, and AI, organoid technology is progressively becoming a core driver for advancing veterinary precision medicine, holding broad application prospects.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.