ArticleAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2026
Comprehensive Analysis of Metabolome and Transcriptome Reveals Physiological Processes Related to Larval Development of Barnacles (
Article in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundBarnacles are important marine fouling organisms, and their complex life cycle involves key metamorphic nodes from nauplius to cyprid larvae and then to sessile adults. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying their larval development remain poorly understood. Metabolomics and transcriptomics are powerful tools for exploring biological development pathways and regulatory networks.
methodsWe employed non-targeted metabolomics and transcriptomics to analyze three key developmental stages of embryonic stage, nauplius stage, and cyprid stage. Differential metabolites were screened using fold change (FC),
resultsA total of 3683 metabolites were identified, with the bile secretion pathway serving as a core regulatory pathway throughout early development. Transcriptomic analysis identified 7234 DEGs, which were clustered into four modules corresponding to different developmental stages. Key pathways such as chitin metabolism, and linoleic acid metabolism were significantly enriched, and qRT-PCR confirmed the reliability of RNA-seq data.
conclusionsThis study reveals the metabolic and molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying the early development of
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