ArticleCancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.)2026
Immune Infiltration Landscape in Osteosarcoma: Clinical Implications for Prognosis and Therapy.
Article in Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Immune Infiltration Landscape in Osteosarcoma: Clinical Implications for Prognosis and Therapy.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWith survival rates for osteosarcoma largely unchanged for 40 years-especially in metastatic/recurrent cases. While the immune microenvironment is believed to play a crucial role, the heterogeneity of immune cell infiltration (ICI) and its precise impact on prognosis and therapeutic response remain poorly characterized. There is a lack of a robust, ICI-based scoring system to stratify patients and identify novel therapeutic targets. This study aimed to identify the characteristics of ICI subtypes for evaluating prognosis and therapeutic benefits.
methodsBased on gene expression and clinical data from TARGET and GEO databases, ICI was characterized using ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT, leading to the development of a prognostic ICI score via PCA that stratified patients into high- and low-score groups. Key genes associated with this score were subsequently identified through WGCNA and further validated by constructing a prognostic prediction model. Finally, the ICI score demonstrated significant predictive value for metastasis and HUVOS grade across clinical cohorts.
resultsWe identified three ICI subtypes with distinct prognostic values. Patients with higher ICI scores showed improved survival and were enriched in CD8
conclusionThis study highlights the prognostic and therapeutic relevance of immune infiltration in osteosarcoma. The ICI score and key genes offer insights into tumor heterogeneity and potential therapeutic targets, particularly in modulating macrophage polarization and enhancing antitumor immunity. Limitations include retrospective data and lack of functional validation. Future work should focus on experimental verification and clinical translation of these immune biomarkers.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.