Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41681011›Full record

ArticleNeurourology and urodynamics2026

Urinary Fungal Microbiome and Associations With Overactive Bladder, Antibiotics and Therapy Response.

Glenn T Werneburg, Michael D Gross, Daniel R Hettel, Madison Lyon, Sean McSweeney, Stacy H Jeong, Jacob M Knorr, Ava Adler, Thien Dang, Peace Orji and 5 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Neurourology and urodynamics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Glenn T WerneburgDepartment of Urology, Glickman Urological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9518-672X
Michael D GrossDepartment of Urology, Glickman Urological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9936-7133
Daniel R HettelDepartment of Urology, Glickman Urological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Madison LyonDepartment of Urology, Glickman Urological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Sean McSweeneyDepartment of Urology, Glickman Urological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Stacy H JeongDepartment of Urology, Glickman Urological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Jacob M KnorrDepartment of Urology, Glickman Urological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Ava AdlerDepartment of Urology, Glickman Urological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Thien DangDepartment of Urology, Glickman Urological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Peace OrjiDepartment of Urology, Glickman Urological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9931-117X
Suruchi RamanujanDepartment of Urology, Glickman Urological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Emily SlopnickDepartment of Urology, Glickman Urological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0928-8325
Howard B GoldmanDepartment of Urology, Glickman Urological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Sandip P VasavadaDepartment of Urology, Glickman Urological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Aaron W MillerDepartment of Urology, Glickman Urological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo characterize and compare the fungal urinary microbiome ("mycobiome") in healthy women and those with overactive bladder (OAB), and secondarily compare the mycobiome by comorbidities, recent antibiotic exposure, and response to OAB therapy. MATERIAL AND

methodsDNA was isolated from urine of those with and without OAB and underwent internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing to detect fungi. Alpha- and beta-diversity, and relative abundance of fungal taxa were analyzed and compared by patient characteristics including OAB status. Fungal-bacterial interactions were identified.

resultsA total of 152 participants were included and fungi were detected in 98% of samples. The most abundant fungal phyla were Basidiomycota and Ascomycota. The most abundant genera were Malassezia, Candida, and Aspergillus. Candida was more abundant in the urine of individuals without OAB (p = 0.01) and Debaryomyces was more abundant in individuals with OAB (p = 0.02). Beta diversity differed between individuals with and without OAB and by diabetes mellitus status (p < 0.05). Relative abundance of fungal genera differed by OAB phenotype, diabetes mellitus status, antibiotic use, and response to OAB treatment (p < 0.05). Fungal-bacterial interaction networks demonstrated a central role of fungi in the interkingdom community structure.

conclusionsThe study provides new insights into the fungal composition of urine in the physiological state as well as in the context of OAB. Fungi appear to play a central role in interkingdom fungal-bacterial interaction networks. The findings pave the way for future investigations to assess the role of urinary fungi in urologic health and disease, and its modulation to augment therapy.

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsFungiMicrobiotaMycobiomeUrinary Bladder, OveractiveAdultAgedFemaleHumansMiddle AgedTreatment OutcomeAnti-Bacterial Agentsbacteriafungimicrobiomemycobiomemycobiotaoveractive bladder

Identifiers

PMID41681011
PMCPMC12983435

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.