Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41680995›Full record

ArticleHealthcare informatics research2026

Development and Evaluation of BABAT TB: A Smart System-Based Reminder Box for Enhancing Tuberculosis Medication Adherence.

Sri Ratna Rahayu, Anan Nugroho, Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum, Aufiena Nur Ayu Merzistya, Tutuk Wijayantiningrum, Jhonatur Stheven Simanjuntak, Muhammad Zidan Maali, Kasyfil Aziz Hafidh, Annisa Putri Salsabila, Salsabila Kinaya Pranindita and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Healthcare informatics research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Sri Ratna RahayuDepartment of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia.
Anan NugrohoDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia.
Dina Nur Anggraini NingrumDepartment of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia.
Aufiena Nur Ayu MerzistyaDepartment of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia.
Tutuk WijayantiningrumSekaran Primary Health Care, Semarang Health Office, Semarang, Indonesia.
Jhonatur Stheven SimanjuntakDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia.
Muhammad Zidan MaaliDepartment of Informatics and Computer Engineering Education, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia.
Kasyfil Aziz HafidhDepartment of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia.
Annisa Putri SalsabilaDepartment of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia.
Salsabila Kinaya PraninditaDepartment of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia.
Naufal Ilham RamadhanDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia.

Funding

Universitas Negeri Semarang 235.12.4/UN37/PPK.10/2023
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesThis study aimed to develop and evaluate the functionality of a smart system-based prototype, "BABAT TB," a medication box designed to assist tuberculosis (TB) patients in adhering to their treatment schedules.

methodsThe development of the BABAT TB prototype followed the Design Science Research Methodology framework, encompassing the stages of problem identification and motivation, defining the objectives for a solution, and system design and development. Problem identification and motivation were established through semi-structured interviews with TB program officers and document analysis. The prototype integrates two main functional components: a drug quantity monitoring module and a reminder/alarm system for medication schedules, both monitored in real time. Serial communication through a SIM register is used to transmit real-time drug quantity data to the associated application. The system is powered by two 4,000 mAh lithium batteries, providing up to 2 months of use without recharging.

resultsThe prototype consists of three core hardware components: the input control circuit, the timer circuit, and the drug amount detection circuit. All modules were successfully assembled and powered. The timer was configured according to medical prescriptions, and the alarm activated at the scheduled times, effectively reminding patients to take their medication.

conclusionsThe BABAT TB prototype effectively measures medication quantities and provides timely alerts, thereby supporting adherence to TB treatment. In addition, it can transmit data related to drug quantities, consultation schedules, and prototype identity cards (IDs) to a database.

Indexed as

Equipment DesignHealth Information SystemsMedication AdherenceReminder SystemsTuberculosis

Identifiers

PMID41680995
PMCPMC12902122

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.