Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41680838›Full record

ArticleJournal of neuroinflammation2026

The effect of cladribine tablets on intrathecal inflammation in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

Damiano Marastoni, Chiara Eccher, Alessio Signori, Daniela Anni, Matteo Foschi, Francesco Crescenzo, Valentina Mazziotti, Federica Virla, Monica Sicchieri, Ermanna Turano and 10 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of neuroinflammation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors.

Damiano Marastoni *Neurology B, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico "G.B. Rossi" Borgo Roma, Piazzale L. A. Scuro, 10, Verona, 37134, Italy. damiano.marastoni@univr.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0358-9431
Chiara Eccher *Neurology B, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico "G.B. Rossi" Borgo Roma, Piazzale L. A. Scuro, 10, Verona, 37134, Italy.
Alessio Signori *Department of Health Sciences - Section of Biostatistics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6289-9144
Daniela Anni *Neurology B, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico "G.B. Rossi" Borgo Roma, Piazzale L. A. Scuro, 10, Verona, 37134, Italy.
Matteo FoschiDepartment of Neuroscience, Neurology Unit, Multiple Sclerosis Center, S.Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy.
Francesco CrescenzoNeurology B, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico "G.B. Rossi" Borgo Roma, Piazzale L. A. Scuro, 10, Verona, 37134, Italy.
Valentina MazziottiNeurology B, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico "G.B. Rossi" Borgo Roma, Piazzale L. A. Scuro, 10, Verona, 37134, Italy.
Federica VirlaNeurology B, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico "G.B. Rossi" Borgo Roma, Piazzale L. A. Scuro, 10, Verona, 37134, Italy.
Monica SicchieriNeurology B, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico "G.B. Rossi" Borgo Roma, Piazzale L. A. Scuro, 10, Verona, 37134, Italy.
Ermanna TuranoNeurology B, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico "G.B. Rossi" Borgo Roma, Piazzale L. A. Scuro, 10, Verona, 37134, Italy.
Agnese TamantiNeurology B, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico "G.B. Rossi" Borgo Roma, Piazzale L. A. Scuro, 10, Verona, 37134, Italy.
Valentina CameraNeurology B, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico "G.B. Rossi" Borgo Roma, Piazzale L. A. Scuro, 10, Verona, 37134, Italy.
Stefano ZiccardiNeurology B, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico "G.B. Rossi" Borgo Roma, Piazzale L. A. Scuro, 10, Verona, 37134, Italy.
Giulia ZanettiNeurology B, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico "G.B. Rossi" Borgo Roma, Piazzale L. A. Scuro, 10, Verona, 37134, Italy.
Francesca Benedetta PizziniDepartment of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
Silvia MartiniClinical Research Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata (AOUI) Verona, Verona, Italy.
Anna FratucelloClinical Research Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata (AOUI) Verona, Verona, Italy.
Bruno BonettiNeurology A, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy.
Maria Pia SormaniDepartment of Health Sciences - Section of Biostatistics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
Massimiliano CalabreseNeurology B, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico "G.B. Rossi" Borgo Roma, Piazzale L. A. Scuro, 10, Verona, 37134, Italy. massimiliano.calabrese@univr.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3362-7403

Funding

Italian Ministry of Health GR-2013-02-355322Italian Ministry of Health GR-2021-12373041Merck Serono S.p.A, Rome, Italy MS700568_0091Ministry of University and Research project MNESYS (PE0000006)
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTo investigate the intrathecal effect of cladribine tablets on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inflammatory proteomic profile, cortical lesions (CLs), paramagnetic rim lesions (PRLs) number and cognition after 2 years of treatment.

resultsForty-two patients with RRMS treated with cladribine tablets were enrolled in a prospective longitudinal 2-year study. All patients were scheduled to undergo a lumbar puncture before treatment initiation and after 2 years of treatment, a clinical evaluation, including Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) assessment, every 6 months, and a 3T MRI every year. White matter lesion number and volume, CLs, PRLs number and neuropsychological status were evaluated. CSF levels of 17 inflammatory markers were assessed by multiplex immune assay. No evidence of disease activity (NEDA) was defined as the absence of relapses, MRI activity and 6-months confirmed disability progression, defined as an increase of ≥ 1 point in the EDSS. Thirty-nine patients completed the study, and 33 agreed to repeat the lumbar puncture. After two years, 23 (59%) patients retained the NEDA status. Cladribine tablets reduced most of the inflammatory markers in the CSF of patients, with a significant reduction, after correction for multiple comparisons, in levels of sTNFR1, Pentraxin3 and CCL22. No patients accumulated new CLs, and no significant changes in PRLs and cognition were observed over the follow-up.

conclusionsCladribine tablets administration led to a reduction of intrathecal inflammatory markers. These findings, along with the absence of CLs and PRLs accumulation, suggest a potential effect of the drug on intrathecal compartmentalized inflammation.

Indexed as

CladribineImmunosuppressive AgentsInflammationMultiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-RemittingAdultFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesTabletsCladribineImmunosuppressive AgentsTabletsCerebrospinal fluidCladribineCortical lesionsIntrathecal inflammationMultiple sclerosisParamagnetic rim lesions

Identifiers

PMID41680838
PMCPMC12998099

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.