ArticleBMC medical education2026
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of medical students at a Chinese university toward virtual simulation experimental training: a cross-sectional survey of self-perceived experience.
Article in BMC medical education, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundVirtual simulation has emerged as an innovative teaching approach in medical education, offering immersive and repeatable practice opportunities that can address the limitations of traditional skills training. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of Chinese medical students toward virtual simulation experimental training.
methodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted from August to September 2025 at Anhui Medical University, China. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, which included demographic information and KAP-related assessments.
resultsA total of 525 valid responses were obtained from 536 distributed questionnaires, yielding a valid response rate of 97.95%. Among the 525 valid respondents, 245 (46.7%) were male and 280 (53.3%) were female. By grade, 212 (40.4%) were in the junior year, 164 (31.2%) in the senior year, and 149 (28.4%) in the fifth year. Regarding majors, 245 (46.7%) studied Clinical Medicine, 59 (11.2%) Radiology, 139 (26.5%) Medical Imaging, and 82 (15.6%) Anesthesiology. The mean scores for knowledge, attitude, and practice were 12.11 ± 2.40 (possible range: 3–15), 15.78 ± 3.26 (possible range: 4–20), and 12.22 ± 2.60 (possible range: 4–16), respectively. Multivariate linear regression revealed that knowledge and attitude were significantly associated with practices (β = 0.186, 95% CI: [0.101, 0.271] and β = 0.593, 95% CI: [0.537, 0.649], both P < 0.001). Mediation analysis showed that the direct effect of knowledge on practice remained significant (β = 0.191, 95% CI: [0.114, 0.268], P < 0.001), while the indirect effect through attitude was also significant (β = 0.437, Bootstrap 95% CI: [0.348, 0.548]), accounting for 69.59% of the total effect.
conclusionChinese medical students generally demonstrate adequate knowledge and positive attitudes, yet their actual engagement in virtual simulation training remained limited. Enhancing awareness and training could further promote its application and integration into medical education curricula. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.