ArticleBMC anesthesiology2026
Incidence, risk factors, and clinical impact of subcutaneous emphysema following laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal inguinal herniorrhaphy: a retrospective cohort study.
Article in BMC anesthesiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWe aimed to determine the incidence of subcutaneous emphysema following laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal (TEP) inguinal herniorrhaphy and to evaluate its associated factors and clinical impact.
methodsIn this retrospective cohort study, we included consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopic TEP inguinal herniorrhaphy between 2020 and 2023. The primary outcome was any SE, assessed using palpation method and radiographic imaging. Secondary outcomes were severe SE, defined as the SE extending to the area of the nipple and above. We also evaluated key postoperative recovery indices, comparing patients with and without SE.
resultsAmong the 829 included patients, 161 (19.4%) developed any SE, and 98 (11.8%) developed severe SE. Four independent risk factors were identified for any SE: lower body mass index [adjusted odds ratios (aORs): 0.84, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.77–0.90], higher peak airway pressure (aOR: 4.98, 95% CI: 1.53–16.17, on base-2 logarithmic scale), higher peak partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide (aOR: 250.18, 95% CI: 73.41–852.59, on base-2 logarithmic scale), and use of volume-controlled ventilation (pressure- vs. volume-controlled ventilation: aOR: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.22–0.75) (c-statistic = 0.790). The safe threshold for any SE was peak airway pressure < 25 cm H2O and peak partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide < 45 mm Hg. Patients with SE showed a higher need for supplemental oxygen after surgery.
conclusionsIndependent factors associated with SE following laparoscopic TEP herniorrhaphy were identified and may facilitate timely recognition and management. SE can be accompanied by transient respiratory changes but is generally self-limited.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.