Trial reportJournal of general internal medicine2026
A Cluster Randomized Trial of a Vaccination Communication Educational Intervention: Impact on COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake in Veterans.
Trial report in Journal of general internal medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05027464 (Developing and Testing a COVID-19 Vaccination Acceptance Intervention), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Developing and Testing a COVID-19 Vaccination Acceptance Intervention
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDespite its safety and effectiveness, COVID-19 vaccine uptake declined later in the pandemic.
objectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of a Motivational Interviewing (MI)-informed educational intervention for healthcare providers and staff on vaccination communication. We hypothesized that educating providers and staff about non-judgmental, collaborative discussions would enhance vaccine uptake in veterans.
designA multi-site cluster randomized controlled implementation-effectiveness trial conducted at ten separate Veterans Health Administration (VA) facilities from February 2022 to May 2023.
participantsVeteran patients with a clinical visit at an enrolled VA facility within a year of the start of the trial and at least one primary care visit during 1-year follow-up.
interventionsVA facilities were randomized to either a Vaccine Communication Educational Intervention (VCI), which included provider and staff MI training and implementation facilitation, or usual care (UC) vaccination promotional activities. MAIN MEASURES: Primary outcome was receipt of any COVID-19 vaccine, and secondary outcome was completion of the COVID-19 vaccine primary series; receipt of COVID-19 booster and influenza (flu) vaccinations were exploratory outcomes. KEY
resultsAmong 338,718 veterans, there was no significant difference between facilities randomized to VCI and UC regarding receipt of any COVID-19 vaccine (Adjusted Odds Ratio = 1.16, 95% Confidence Interval (0.89, 1.50), p = 0.28). There were also no significant differences in COVID-19 primary series and booster completion, or flu vaccine uptake. Significant predictors of vaccination among veterans included age, non-White race, Hispanic ethnicity, and greater primary care utilization.
conclusionsMI-informed vaccination communication education of VA providers and staff did not significantly improve uptake of COVID-19 and flu vaccination in veterans. Targeted outreach to sub-populations (e.g., younger veterans) and increased primary care utilization may enhance vaccination uptake. Lessons learned from this trial, including barriers to implementation, may inform future vaccine communication interventions given increasing vaccine hesitancy amid current outbreaks and the threat of future pandemics.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT05027464.
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