Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41680395›Full record

ArticleAmbio2026

Balancing risk and reward: Toward resilient human-primate coexistence in a rapidly changing environment in Sulawesi, Indonesia.

Amanda L Ellwanger, Kristen S Morrow, Ashni Kumar Dhawale, Henry R Scharf, Putu Oka Ngakan, Erin P Riley

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Ambio, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Amanda L EllwangerDepartment of Anthropology, Georgia State University, 33 Gilmer Street, Atlanta, GA, 30033, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1537-3200
Kristen S MorrowDepartment of Anthropology, University of Georgia, 355 S Jackson Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8373-4514
Ashni Kumar DhawaleDepartment of Anthropology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7185-9870
Henry R ScharfDepartment of Mathematics, University of Arizona, 617 N. Santa Rita Drive, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9266-4191
Putu Oka NgakanFaculty of Forestry, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Sunu Kompleks Unhas B/9, Makassar, 90211, Indonesia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1383-2661
Erin P RileyDepartment of Anthropology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA. epriley@sdsu.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2679-0595

Funding

National Science Foundation #2222891
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study explores human-moor macaque (Macaca maura) coexistence in Sulawesi, Indonesia, using resilience thinking to assess temporal patterns of coadaptation amidst stressors such as provisioning and road construction. Comparing data from 2016-2017 to 2023-2025, we examine changes in provisioning patterns, macaque roadside use, and people's perceptions of macaques to evaluate factors that may test the system's resilience. Our results show that although provisioning frequency has remained stable, hand-feeding is increasingly common and macaques have increased their use of roadside habitat. Additionally, people's perceptions have shifted from excitement and novelty to fear and normalization. Decreasing tolerance, coupled with increased risks associated with roadside behavior, highlights the system's potential to transition to a state incompatible with coexistence. Our results can be leveraged to promote resilient coexistence, e.g., interventions that enable safer roadside crossing for the macaques and community outreach programs that make use of people's empathy for the macaques' welfare.

Indexed as

EcosystemHuman-Animal InteractionMacacaRewardAnimalsHumansIndonesiaCoadaptationCoexistenceHuman–primate interfaceMacaca mauraProvisioningResilience

Identifiers

PMID41680395
PMCPMC13036043

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.