Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41680329›Full record

Trial reportProstate cancer and prostatic diseases2026

Disease progression patterns and association of prostate-specific antigen level with risk of progression in nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Alicia K Morgans, Christopher J D Wallis, Susan Halabi, Andrew J Armstrong, Patrick Adorjan, Mercedeh Ghadessi, Frank Verholen, Marc-Oliver Grimm

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Alicia K MorgansDana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. aliciak_morgans@dfci.harvard.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6563-4587
Christopher J D WallisDivision of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Susan HalabiDuke University Division of Biostatistics, Durham, NC, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4135-2777
Andrew J ArmstrongDuke Cancer Institute, Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Duke University Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Durham, NC, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7012-1754
Patrick AdorjanBayer Consumer Care AG, Basel, Switzerland.
Mercedeh GhadessiBayer HealthCare, Whippany, NJ, USA.
Frank VerholenBayer Consumer Care AG, Basel, Switzerland.
Marc-Oliver GrimmDepartment of Urology, University Hospital of Jena, Jena, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIn ARAMIS, darolutamide statistically significantly prolonged metastasis-free survival by 2 years and reduced the risk of death by 31% in patients with nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC). We report post hoc analyses of ARAMIS evaluating patterns of disease progression overall and by prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response.

methodsPatients were randomized 2:1 to darolutamide (n = 955) or placebo (n = 554), with androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT). Progression included metastases on conventional imaging, PSA progression based on Prostate Cancer Working Group 2 criteria or any rise in PSA, and pain progression. Radiological progression was compared between patients who reached undetectable PSA < 0.2 ng/ml at any time and those who did not.

resultsMetastatic progression occurred in 14% of patients receiving darolutamide versus 29% of patients receiving placebo, with a consistent pattern mostly isolated to bone (46%; 39%) or lymph nodes (32%; 40%). At 12 months, fewer patients receiving darolutamide versus placebo had PSA progression alone (7.8% vs. 35.9%) or both PSA and radiological progression (5.4% vs. 21.4%). Radiological progression without PSA progression occurred in 35% of metastatic events in the darolutamide group and 23% of metastatic events in the placebo group. Darolutamide led to deep PSA response (< 0.2 ng/ml) versus placebo (25.1% vs. 0.5%), and patients receiving darolutamide who reached PSA < 0.2 ng/ml experienced less radiological progression than those who did not (24 months: 8.7% vs. 33%; 36 months: 8.7% vs. 50%).

conclusionsDarolutamide plus ADT reduced the risk of metastatic progression and improved overall survival versus placebo plus ADT without changing patterns of disease progression through Month 24. Metastasis occurred without PSA progression in approximately 30% of metastatic events overall. Undetectable PSA with darolutamide was associated with reduced radiological progression that was maintained over time. These results highlight the importance of both imaging and PSA monitoring to identify disease progression in patients with nmCRPC.

Indexed as

Prostate-Specific AntigenProstatic Neoplasms, Castration-ResistantAgedAndrogen AntagonistsDisease ProgressionHumansMaleMiddle AgedAndrogen AntagonistsProstate-Specific Antigen

Identifiers

PMID41680329
PMCPMC13623639

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.