ArticleNature communications2026
A self-powered hydrogel electronic skin with decoupled multimodal sensing for closed-loop human-machine interactions.
Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Tailored construction and functional applications of conductive hydrogels for bioelectronic interfaces.Discover nano · 2026Review
- Article
- Advances in Nano-Enhanced Thermal Functional Materials.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Recent Advances in Biomimetic Hydrogels for Bioelectronics and Human-Machine Interactions.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Intelligent Multimodal Sensors Based on Two-Dimensional Materials: Fabrication, Decoupling, and Applications.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Review
- Hydrogel-Based Sensors: Compositions, Fabrication, Sensing Mechanism, and Applications.Polymers · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bridging biological and artificial systems, intelligent interfaces drive the demand for flexible electronics that emulate the skin's multifunctionality. However, achieving such multifunctionality in a compact, self-sustained form remains challenging, as multimodal sensors often rely on rigid materials, discrete components, and external power sources. Herein, this study presents a single-component poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel e-skin integrating thermogalvanic, piezoionic, and diffusion mechanisms for self-powered sensing of skin temperature, arterial pulsation, and sweat secretion, simultaneously. The hydrogel features high stretchability, low modulus, and a prismatic architecture synergizing ionic polarization. Moreover, a temporal machine learning model with local attention is developed to decouple multimodal signals. Of practical importance, an active multimodal signal generator wristband is developed as a multifunctional human-machine interface for physiological detection, robotic control, and haptic feedback reproduction. Hence, this hydrogel e-skin represents an efficient material platform for intelligent interactions, showing broad potential for real-time health monitoring, robotic control, and virtual reality.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.