Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41679888›Full record

Trial reportThe Lancet. Child & adolescent health2026

Automatic versus manual control of oxygen and neonatal clinical outcomes in extremely preterm infants: a multicentre, parallel-group, randomised, controlled, superiority trial.

Axel R Franz, Christian A Maiwald, Hendrik J Niemarkt, Harald Ehrhardt, Marc R Mendler, Jochen Essers, Thilo Mohns, Andreas W Flemmer, Adelheid Kley, Hans-Jörg Bittrich and 36 more

Abstract readMulticenter StudyRandomized Controlled TrialEquivalence Trial
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in The Lancet. Child & adolescent health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Automated oxygen control versus manual titration in preterm infants: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

46 authors.

Axel R FranzDepartment of Neonatology, University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Center for Pediatric Clinical Studies (CPCS), University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. Electronic address: axel.franz@med.uni-tuebingen.de.
Christian A MaiwaldCenter for Pediatric Clinical Studies (CPCS), University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Hendrik J NiemarktMáxima Medical Center Veldhoven, Veldhoven, Netherlands.
Harald EhrhardtDepartment of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
Marc R MendlerDepartment of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
Jochen EssersDepartment of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
Thilo MohnsMáxima Medical Center Veldhoven, Veldhoven, Netherlands.
Andreas W FlemmerDivision of Neonatology, Dr von Hauner University Children's Hospital, LMU University Hospital, München, Germany.
Adelheid KleyDivision of Neonatology, Dr von Hauner University Children's Hospital, LMU University Hospital, München, Germany.
Hans-Jörg BittrichHelios Klinikum Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany.
Bettina BohnhorstMedizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
Christoph JacobiMedizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
RuiMiao BaiNorthwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China.
Estelle E M MulderDepartment of Neonatology, Isala, Zwolle, Netherlands.
Patrick NeubergerKlinikum Stuttgart, Olgahospital, Stuttgart, Germany.
Matthias C HüttenMosaKids Children's Hospital, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.
Ralf RauchRems-Murr-Kliniken, Winnenden, Germany.
Thomas M K VölklDepartment of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, KJF Klinikum Josefinum, Augsburg, Germany.
Thomas HöhnUniversitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Klinik für Allgemeine Pädiatrie, Neonatologie und Kinderkardiologie, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Britta BrennerKlinikum Esslingen, Esslingen, Germany.
Corinna GebauerDepartment of Women and Children's Health, Children's Hospital, Division of Neonatology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
Sandra HolzStädtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany.
Edmondo N L HammondDiakonie Kliniken Bad Kreuznach, Bad Kreuznach, Germany.
Hans Thorsten KörnerKlinikum Bremen Mitte, Klinik für Neonatologie, Bremen, Germany.
Lars MenseDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology & Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Laura K LübkingAuf der Bult, Kinder- und Jugendkrankenhaus, Hannover, Germany.
Vrinda NairSouth Tees NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough, UK; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK.
Christian BenderSchwarzwald-Baar-Klinikum, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany.
Andreas FiedlerKlinikum Amberg, Amberg, Germany.
Hans-Christoph SchneiderKlinikum am Steinenberg/Ermstalklinik, Reutlingen, Germany.
Hans-Jürgen GausepohlDiakonissen-Stiftungs-Krankenhaus, Speyer, Germany.
Marcus KrügerDepartment of Neonatology, München Klinik, Schwabing and Harlaching, München, Germany.
Jochen KittelDivision of Neonatology, University Children's Hospital Regensburg (KUNO), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
Michael SchrothCnopfsche Kinderklinik, Nürnberg, Germany.
Julia SandkötterDepartment of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
Hans-Martin LodeLeopoldina-Krankenhaus, Schweinfurt, Germany.
Martin KuntzDivision of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.
Jochem KönigDivision of Paediatric Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Andreas SeyfangDivision of Paediatric Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Corinna EngelCenter for Pediatric Clinical Studies (CPCS), University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Anette StauchCenter for Pediatric Clinical Studies (CPCS), University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Dirk BasslerDepartment of Neonatology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Helmut D HummlerDepartment of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany; European Foundation for the Care of Newborn Infants (EFCNI), Ulm, Germany.
Christian F PoetsDepartment of Neonatology, University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Michael S UrschitzDivision of Paediatric Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
FiO2-C Study Group

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundExtremely preterm infants require respiratory support with supplemental oxygen and have frequent hypoxaemic episodes. These episodes, and exposure to inadequately high concentrations of oxygen, are associated with major complications and death. Closed-loop automated control of the fractional concentration of oxygen in inspired air (FiO

methodsThis multicentre, parallel-group, randomised, controlled, superiority trial was done in 32 neonatal intensive care units in China, Germany, the Netherlands, and the UK. Infants born at 23

findingsBetween July 1, 2018, and Oct 31, 2023, 1082 infants were enrolled and randomly assigned to the FiO

interpretationFiO

fundingGerman Federal Ministry of Education and Research.

Indexed as

Infant, Extremely PrematureOxygenOxygen Inhalation TherapyRespiration, ArtificialBronchopulmonary DysplasiaChinaEnterocolitis, NecrotizingFemaleGermanyHumansInfant, NewbornIntensive Care Units, NeonatalMaleNetherlandsOximetryRetinopathy of PrematurityOxygen

Identifiers

PMID41679888

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.