GuidelineInternational dental journal2026
Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Halitosis.
Abstract readConsensus StatementPractice GuidelineReview
In one paragraph
Guideline in International dental journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1citing papers in PubMed
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Altered Salivary Microbiome and Increased Immune Markers in Mouth-Breathing Children: Implications for Oral Health.International dental journal · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
73 authors.
Xiaodi ShangDepartment of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China.
Xinxiao ChenDepartment of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China.
Chunxu LvDepartment of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China.
Zhen WangDepartment of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China.
Bin ChenDepartment of Periodontology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
Jinlong ShaoDepartment of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China.
Ye LiangDepartment of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China.
Aimei SongDepartment of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China.
Hongmei GuoDepartment of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China.
Yang YuDepartment of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China.
Hongrui LiuDepartment of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China.
Mi DuDepartment of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China.
Jin ZhangDepartment of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China.
Wenyan KangDepartment of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China.
Jianhua LiDepartment of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China.
Baojin MaDepartment of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China.
Fuhua YanDepartment of Periodontology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
Yaping PanDepartment of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
Faming ChenState Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
Yan XuDepartment of Periodontology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Qingxian LuanDepartment of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering, Beijing, China.
Lei ZhaoDepartment of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Yao SunDepartment of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China.
Zhongchen SongDepartment of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
Yi LiuLaboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Zhengguo CaoState Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
Juan XiaHospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Chuanjiang ZhaoHospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Ang LiKey Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
Jiang SunStomatological Hospital of Dalian University (Dalian Stomatological Hospital), Dalian, China.
Zuomin WangDepartment of Stomatology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Lijun LuoDepartment of Periodontics, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China.
Xiuyun RenShanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China.
Shulan XuCenter of Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Dandan MaCenter of Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Yufeng XieDepartment of Periodontology, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Guangxun ZhuDepartment of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Liangjun ZhongStomatology Center, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China; School of Stomatology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.
Jiang LinDepartment of Stomatology, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Feng ChenCentral Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.
Xian PengState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Xiaojun LiStomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Peihui DingStomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Junji XuDepartment of Periodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Kai LuoFujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, Institute of Stomatology & Laboratory of Oral Tissue Engineering, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
An LiDepartment of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Li LinDepartment of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
Beimin TianState Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
Yue ChenDepartment of Periodontology, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
Xue LiThe Fifth Clinic, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China.
Qiang FengDepartment of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China.
Jing DengDepartment of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
Changqing YuanDepartment of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
Gang DingSchool of Stomatology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China.
Hongguang ZhuThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University / Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, China.
Keqing PanDepartment of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
Xiaojing WangDepartment of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
Caiqing QiuDepartment of Periodontology, The Affiliated Yantai Stomatological Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China.
Guanghui RenDepartment of Periodontology, The Affiliated Yantai Stomatological Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China.
Min LiuDepartment of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Xiaoyu SunCollege & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research, Hefei, China.
Song GeSchool and Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
Rui ZhangSchool and Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
Ling LiDepartment of Periodontology, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong Second Medical University, Linyi, China.
Shulai LuQingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao, China.
Tian TianDepartment of Periodontics, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China.
Qiang ChenSuzhou Stomatological Hospital, Suzhou, China.
Hui WangSuzhou Stomatological Hospital, Suzhou, China.
Danyang WangDepartment of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China.
Xiaochun WangShenzhen Hospital (Futian), Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China.
Chengfei ZhangRestorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
Xuedong ZhouState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics，West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. Electronic address: zhouxd@scu.edu.cn.
Shaohua GeDepartment of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China. Electronic address: shaohuage@sdu.edu.cn.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
With growing awareness of oral health and rising social expectations, the management of halitosis has attracted increasing attention, as fresh breath is essential for social etiquette and personal image. Due to the diverse origins and varying clinical manifestations of halitosis, treatment approaches differ significantly. Recent advancements have facilitated the development of more refined diagnostic tools and therapeutic methods. Based on current clinical evidence and practice, a consensus framework has been established to guide the management of halitosis. This consensus systematically outlines the prevalence and classification of halitosis, reviews its aetiology and pathogenesis, and details evidence-based diagnostic methods. Notably, it proposes tailored treatment strategies aligned with specific etiological factors. The goal is to promote the standardization, precision, and optimization of halitosis diagnosis and treatment in clinical practice.
Indexed as
HalitosisHumansDiagnosisHalitosisOral malodourVolatile sulphur compounds
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