Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41678605›Full record

ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2026

Poxvirus attack of antiviral defense pathways unleashes an effector-triggered NF-κB response.

Brenna C Remick, Joshua Q Mao, Andrew G Manford, Ami D Gutierrez-Jensen, Allon Wagner, Michael Rape, Grant McFadden, Masmudur M Rahman, Moritz M Gaidt, Russell E Vance

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Brenna C RemickDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5333-6657
Joshua Q MaoDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.ORCID 0009-0007-5606-8062
Andrew G ManfordDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4472-9509
Ami D Gutierrez-JensenSchool of Life Sciences and Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.ORCID 0009-0002-5120-6845
Allon WagnerDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5095-6009
Michael RapeDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4849-6343
Grant McFaddenSchool of Life Sciences and Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2556-3526
Masmudur M RahmanSchool of Life Sciences and Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7177-819X
Moritz M GaidtResearch Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria.ORCID 0000-0002-8009-294X
Russell E VanceDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6686-3912

Funding

The role of Listeria cyclic-di-AMP during infection and immunityP01AI063302 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY · PI PORTNOY, DANIEL A · 2004 to 2025
$45.5M
Studies in Poxvirus Host Range Genes and TropismR01AI080607 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA · PI RAHMAN, MASMUDUR MOHAMMED · 2009 to 2025
$5.6M
Immunology & Pathogenesis Program Training GrantT32AI100829 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY · PI Gregory M Barton, ELLEN A ROBEY · 2012 to 2026
$4.7M
Functional and Structural Dissection of Inflammasome ActivationR37AI075039 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY · PI RUSSELL E VANCE · 2018 to 2026
$3.8M
Specificity and in vivo function of the Naip/Nlrc4 inflammasomesR01AI075039 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY · PI VANCE, RUSSELL E · 2008 to 2017
$3.6M
Dissection of Shigella pathogenesis in vivo using a new oral infection mouse modelR01AI155634 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY · PI VANCE, RUSSELL E · 2020 to 2024
$2.2M
Unravelling the mechanisms of virus host species jumpR21AI190589 · NIAID · ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY-TEMPE CAMPUS · PI Masmudur Mohammed Rahman · 2025 to 2026
$425k
Howard Hughes Medical InstituteNIAID NIH HHS P01 AI063302NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI075039NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI080607NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI155634NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI190589NIAID NIH HHS R37 AI075039NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI100829
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Effector-triggered immunity (ETI) is a form of pathogen sensing that involves detection of pathogen-encoded virulence factors or "effectors." To discover ETI pathways in mammals, we developed a screening approach in which we expressed individual virulence factors in a human monocyte cell line and assessed transcriptional responses by RNA sequencing. We identified a poxvirus effector, myxoma virus M3.1, which elicited an antiviral nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) response. NF-κB was unleashed by an ETI pathway that sensed M3.1 attack of two antiviral complexes: zinc finger antiviral protein and TBK1. NF-κΒ activation occurred because the proteins inhibited by M3.1-N4BP1, ZC3H12A, and TBK1-are negative regulators of NF-κB. Our study established a systematic approach for the discovery of ETI pathways, and the results illustrated how negative regulators of immune responses may function in pathogen sensing.

Indexed as

Innate Immunity RecognitionMyxoma virusNF-kappa BPoxviridae InfectionsTumor Virus InfectionsViral ProteinsVirulence FactorsCell Line, TumorHost-Pathogen InteractionsHumansMonocytesProtein Serine-Threonine KinasesZinc FingersNF-kappa BProtein Serine-Threonine KinasesTBK1 protein, humanViral ProteinsVirulence Factors

Identifiers

PMID41678605
PMCPMC13041778

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.