Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41678338›Full record

ArticleCell reports2026

A bicistronic viral genome uses a compact type IV IRES near its 3' end to express a transmembrane protein.

Madeline E Sherlock, Katherine E Segar, Jeffrey S Kieft

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cell reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Madeline E SherlockNew York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY 10025, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
Katherine E SegarNew York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY 10025, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
Jeffrey S KieftNew York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY 10025, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address: jkieft@nysbc.org.

Funding

Pacific Northwest Center for Cryo-EM: Equipment SupplementR24GM154185 · NIGMS · OREGON HEALTH & SCIENCE UNIVERSITY · PI James E Evans, CLAUDIA SUSANA LOPEZ · 2024 to 2026
$21.5M
Structure, function, and dynamics of viral RNAs and RNA-containing complexesR35GM118070 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI Jeffrey S Kieft · 2016 to 2026
$10.6M
Predoctoral Training Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology (Supplement: Mentoring in the Research Environment)T32GM136444 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI MICHAEL A MCMURRAY, Rytis Prekeris · 2020 to 2026
$3.7M
Functional implications of structural heterogeneity in a viral RNA translation initiation elementF31AI186389 · NIAID · NEW YORK STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY CENTER · PI Katherine Segar · 2024 to 2026
$149k
NIAID NIH HHS F31 AI186389NIGMS NIH HHS R24 GM154185NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM118070NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM136444
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and many other RNA viruses contain a type IV internal ribosome entry site (IRES) in their 5' untranslated region (UTR). These IRES RNAs interact directly with the ribosome, enabling cap-independent translation initiation. Using bioinformatic homology searches, we identify a putative type IV IRES within the annotated 3' UTR of megrivirus E (MeV-E). In addition to its unusual genomic location, the MeV-E 3' IRES has a reduced size compared with HCV and many type IV IRESs. We determine the 3D structure of the MeV-E 3' IRES in complex with the ribosome using cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) and show that the MeV-E 3' IRES initiates translation, but at lower levels than the larger IRES in the MeV-E 5' UTR. This small type IV IRES enables translation of a second open reading frame in the MeV-E genome, which likely encodes a transmembrane protein conserved in other megriviruses.

Indexed as

Genome, ViralInternal Ribosome Entry SitesMembrane Proteins3' Untranslated Regions5' Untranslated RegionsCryoelectron MicroscopyHepacivirusHumansNucleic Acid ConformationProtein BiosynthesisRibosomesRNA, Viral3' Untranslated Regions5' Untranslated RegionsInternal Ribosome Entry SitesMembrane ProteinsRNA, ViralCP: microbiologyCP: molecular biologycryo-EMinternal ribosome entry siteRNA structuretranslation regulationviral RNA

Identifiers

PMID41678338
PMCPMC13034579

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.