ArticleJapanese journal of ophthalmology2026
Clinical efficacy, safety, and success factors of botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of acute acquired comitant esotropia.
Article in Japanese journal of ophthalmology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Comparative efficacy of botulinum toxin and surgical treatment for acute acquired concomitant esotropia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeAcute acquired comitant esotropia (AACE) is an increasingly reported form of esotropia, possibly linked to the rising use of digital devices. Botulinum toxin type A (BTXA) has emerged as a minimally invasive treatment alternative to surgery, particularly for patients with diplopia. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of BTXA injections in treating AACE while identifying factors contributing to successful treatment outcomes. STUDY
designA retrospective, single-center study.
methodsThis study retrospectively evaluated 228 patients with AACE who received BTXA injections at a single center. Treatment outcomes, adverse events, and factors influencing success were analyzed. Successful outcomes were defined as either the absence of diplopia in the primary position or an angle of deviation of ≤10 prism diopters from orthotropia, both evaluated at more than 6 months after the last injection.
resultsThe average patient age was 30.9 years, and 52% achieved successful outcomes. Transient adverse events, including blepharoptosis (24%) and hypertropia (16%), were observed. The study found that shorter duration from onset to treatment (P = 0.018) and post-treatment overcorrection (P = 0.0073) were associated with higher success rates. Although some patients required additional treatment or surgery due to recurrence, BTXA was an effective intervention for AACE, with a significant improvement in eye alignment and stereopsis.
conclusionEarly intervention with BTXA is crucial for successful outcomes and offers a safe, less invasive alternative to traditional strabismus surgery.
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