ArticleTissue engineering and regenerative medicine2026
Therapeutic Effects of N-Acetylcysteine-Primed, Iron Oxide Nanoparticle-Enhanced Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes in Ototoxicity Hearing Loss.
Article in Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes Attenuate Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation-Induced Cochlear Damage by Inducing Autophagy-Associated Signaling.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSensorineural hearing loss caused by ototoxic agents remains irreversible due to the limited regenerative capacity of cochlear hair cells. Exosome-based therapies derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) offer a promising, cell-free alternative to protect auditory structures by modulating oxidative stress and inflammation. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of exosomes isolated from nanoparticle (NP) labeled, N-acetylcysteine primed tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells (T-MSCs), hereafter referred to as SPISOME-NAC, in kanamycin-induced ototoxicity models.
methodsT-MSCs were labeled with positively charged PLGA-PEI clustered SPIONs, with or without NAC pretreatment. Antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD, CAT, GSH), ROS levels, and PRDX1 expression were assessed in vitro. Exosomes were isolated and analyzed via nanoparticle tracking analysis. Their therapeutic efficacy was evaluated in both ex vivo cochlear explants and mouse model of kanamycin-induced ototoxicity. Hair cell survival was quantified via Myosin VIIa immunostaining, and auditory function was assessed using auditory brainstem responses (ABR). Pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6) were measured via qRT-PCR.
resultsNAC pretreatment significantly enhanced cell viability, increased GSH activity, and reduced intracellular ROS and PRDX1 levels in NP-labeled T-MSCs. Exosomes derived from NAC-pretreated cells (SPISOME-NAC) conferred superior protection to cochlear hair cells, particularly in the basal turn, and significantly improved hearing thresholds in vivo. Furthermore, SPISOME-NAC treatment downregulated inflammatory cytokines in cochlear tissue.
conclusionSPISOME-NAC exhibit enhanced antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, providing functional protection in an ototoxicity-induced hearing loss model. By preventing ROS-mediated mitochondrial damage and apoptosis in cochlear hair cells, NAC interrupts a key pathogenic mechanism in ototoxicity, preserving auditory structure and function. These findings support NAC-primed exosomes as a novel therapeutic strategy for sensorineural hearing loss.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.