ArticleDiscover oncology2026
Integrated analysis of glutamine metabolism and immune microenvironment identifies GOT2 as a prognostic gene in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
Article in Discover oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Metabolic immune checkpoints (MICs) in cancer: from molecular mechanisms to challenges and opportunities in clinical translation.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
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4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Glutamine metabolism plays a key role in cancer initiation and progression. This study aims to explore the independent and interactive roles of glutamine metabolism-related genes and immune characteristic in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Clinical and gene expression data from HNSCC patients were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). A comprehensive evaluation of 21 glutamine metabolism-related genes in HNSCC tissues was conducted. A risk model based on glutamine metabolism-related genes was constructed using Cox regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analyses. The association between glutamine metabolism-related genes and immune infiltration was assessed using the Estimation of STromal and Immune cells in MAlignant Tumors using Expression data (ESTIMATE) method. The expression levels of the hub gene were verified in vitro models. Four glutamine metabolism-related genes (GOT2, FAH, LAT, and SLC7A11) were identified for constructing a risk score model for HNSCC patients. High expression levels of GOT2 were identified as a poor prognostic factor in HNSCC, as demonstrated by Kaplan-Meier analysis (HR:1.006, p < 0.001). Patients with a low-risk score exhibited higher ESTIMATE scores and Immune Scores compared to those with a high-risk score. GOT2 emerged as a hub gene associated with the survival of HNSCC patients. In vitro functional experiments demonstrated that downregulation of GOT2 expression suppresses proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. In conclusions, we developed and validated a prognostic risk scoring system based on four glutamine metabolism-associated genes, which demonstrated robust predictive capacity for clinical outcomes and immune infiltration patterns in HNSCC. Mechanistically, GOT2 emerged as a central regulator interfacing with the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, potentially driving oncogenesis through dual metabolic-immune reprogramming. These findings highlight GOT2 as a novel therapeutic target, offering a promising strategy to overcome immunotherapy resistance in HNSCC.
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