ArticlePediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)2026
Association between serum cystatin C levels and hypertension in children with kidney scarring.
Article in Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundKidney scarring (KS) secondary to urinary tract infections is a common cause of secondary hypertension in children. We investigated the association between serum cystatin C and hypertension in children with KS using 24-h ABPM.
methodsOne hundred eleven children (aged 6-18 years) with DMSA-confirmed KS were included. All patients underwent 24-h ABPM, and serum cystatin C, creatinine, creatinine-based eGFR, and cystatin C-based eGFR were calculated. Hypertension was defined according to current AAP and ESH recommendations, using age and gender/height-specific threshold values in ABPM. The relationships between hypertension, biochemical parameters, and scar severity were assessed using multivariate analysis. No participant was taking antihypertensive medication at the time of ABPM.
resultsHypertension was detected in 36.9% (n = 41) of patients. Serum cystatin C levels were significantly higher in the hypertensive group (1.06 mg/L vs. 0.94 mg/L, p = 0.004). When assessed for kidney function, both creatinine-based eGFR (p = 0.044) and cystatin C-based eGFR (67 [42-183] vs. 74.9 [30.9-183] mL/min/1.73 m
conclusionsHigh-grade scarring is a significant independent risk factor for hypertension. Although cystatin C reflects the severity of kidney damage, its association with hypertension depends on the scar burden. Since circadian rhythm disturbances (non-dipping) are common, even in children with normal office blood pressure, ABPM may be necessary for monitoring those with KS.
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