Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41677547›Full record

ReviewNanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Gallium-Based Liquid Metals: From Fundamental Properties to State-of-the-Art Applications.

Min Zhang, Peiying Liao, Yuanming Cao, Tingting Sun, Xuanyong Liu

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Gallium-Based Liquid Metals: From Properties to Applications.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Min ZhangState Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
Peiying LiaoState Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
Yuanming CaoState Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
Tingting SunState Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
Xuanyong LiuState Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.

Funding

Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities 2232023A-10Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities 2232024D-32State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Major program 23M1060280
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The rapid advancement of flexible and stretchable electronics has raised new demands for conductive materials with high conductivity and excellent mechanical properties. Compared to traditional conductive materials, gallium-based liquid metals exhibit a compelling set of attributes-including intrinsic deformability, high conductivity, good thermal conductivity, and a liquid state at or near room temperature-that address the critical requirements for conductors in flexible and stretchable electronics. However, the broader application of gallium-based liquid metals is limited by intrinsic challenges, such as oxidation tendency and high surface tension, while their multifunctional potential remains to be fully explored and developed. This paper provides a comprehensive review of gallium-based liquid metals, spanning from their fundamental concepts including intrinsic properties and processing characteristics (oxidative layer/droplet engineering) and functionalization techniques to their diverse applications in flexible electronics. It concisely summarizes key factors, existing issues, and challenges encountered during the design, research, and application of gallium-based liquid metals, aiming to provide guidance and assistance for subsequent research and applications.

Indexed as

applications in flexible electronicscomposite strategiesfundamental conceptsgallium-based liquid metals

Identifiers

PMID41677547
PMCPMC12899048

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.