Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41677021›Full record

Observational studyObesity (Silver Spring, Md.)2026

Cholecystectomy Is Linked With Lower Respiratory Exchange Ratio and Higher Lipid Oxidation and Sleep Energy Expenditure.

Beyza N Aydin, Emma J Stinson, Helen C Looker, Peter Walter, Tomás Cabeza de Baca, Jonathan Krakoff, Douglas C Chang

2 registry-linked trialsAbstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT00339482 completednot on this map

Prospective Studies of Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications in the Gila River Indian Community

TypeobservationalSponsorNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)Ran1976Enrolled12,647ConditionsDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2
NCT00340132 completednot on this map

Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Studies of 'Pre-Diabetes'

TypeobservationalSponsorNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)Ran1983Enrolled1,759ConditionsWeight Gain, Overweight, Insulin Resistance, Obesity
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Beyza N AydinPhoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5938-3910
Emma J StinsonPhoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4875-7048
Helen C LookerPhoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0802-781X
Peter WalterClinical Mass Spectrometry Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8571-398X
Tomás Cabeza de BacaPhoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3322-2163
Jonathan KrakoffPhoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-5600
Douglas C ChangPhoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4591-9056

Funding

Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of HealthNIDDK NIH HHS DK069015-36NIDDK NIH HHS DK069028
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveCholecystectomy (GBX) may alter energy metabolism, but human evidence is limited. We examined whether GBX alters energy expenditure (EE), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), and substrate oxidation.

methodsA total of 384 healthy Southwestern Indigenous American adults (222 males, age 28 ± 6 years) were studied, including individuals with a history of gallbladder surgery [GBX(+), n = 39] and without surgery [GBX(-), n = 345]. In addition, 24-h energy metabolism was measured in a respiratory chamber. General linear models were adjusted for age, sex, body composition, and glucose regulation. RER and macronutrient oxidation rates were further adjusted for energy balance.

resultsGBX(+) participants were older (31 ± 7 vs. 27 ± 6 years, p = 0.0002) and mostly female (95% vs. 36%, p < 0.0001), and they had higher body fat (40% ± 5% vs. 32% ± 8%, p < 0.0001), although body composition differences were sex related. Adjusted models showed lower RER (β = -0.01, p = 0.01), higher lipid oxidation (β = 79 kcal/day, p = 0.03), and higher sleep EE (β = 78 kcal/day, p = 0.006) in the GBX(+) group. Other EE variables and macronutrient oxidation rates were not significantly associated with GBX history (all p's > 0.1).

conclusionsIndependent of obesity, an absent gallbladder is associated with decreased RER and increased lipid oxidation and sleep EE rates, indicating that the gallbladder may have a role in metabolic fuel selection that has implications for metabolic health.

trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT00339482, NCT00340132.

Indexed as

CholecystectomyEnergy MetabolismLipid MetabolismSleepAdultBody CompositionCalorimetry, IndirectFemaleGallbladderHumansMaleOxidation-ReductionOxygen ConsumptionYoung AdultgallbladderIndigenous Americanmetabolic chamberrespiratory quotientwhole room indirect calorimetry

Identifiers

PMID41677021
PMCPMC13032049

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.