Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41676568›Full record

ArticlebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology2026

Intranasal Delivery of HIV/SIV Antigens with NE/AS01B Adjuvants Enhances Cellular Immunity and Reduces Viral Loads in SHIV-Challenged Macaques.

Michellie Thurman, Viswanathan Chokkavelu, Samuel D Johnson, Omalla A Olwenyi, Gokul Raj Kathamuthu, Jianshi Yu, Samson Adeniji, Kai Ying Hong, Morgan Johnston, Deepanwita Bose and 10 more

Abstract readPreprint
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors.

Michellie ThurmanDepartment of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
Viswanathan ChokkaveluClinical Infectious Unit, Fort Myers, Florida, USA.
Samuel D JohnsonDepartment of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
Omalla A OlwenyiDepartment of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
Gokul Raj KathamuthuDepartment of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
Jianshi YuDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Samson AdenijiThe Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Kai Ying HongThe Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Morgan JohnstonDepartment of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
Deepanwita BoseNew Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA 70560, USA.
Kabita PandeyDepartment of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
Hongmei GaoDepartment of Surgery, Duke University, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Xiaoying ShenDepartment of Surgery, Duke University, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8387-3952
David MontefioriDepartment of Surgery, Duke University, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0856-6319
Pamela T WongMichigan Nanotechnology Institute, for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arber, MI, USA.
James R BakerMichigan Nanotechnology Institute, for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arber, MI, USA.
Francois VillingerNew Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA 70560, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7790-2008
Maureen KaneDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5525-9170
Mohamed Abdel-MohsenThe Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Siddappa N ByrareddyDepartment of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6889-4640

Funding

Role of HIV Env glycosylation in mucosal transmissionR01AI113883 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA MEDICAL CENTER · PI BYRAREDDY, SIDDAPPA N · 2014 to 2018
$3.9M
Limiting HIV establishment and maintenace by preserving intestinal immunityR01AI129745 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA MEDICAL CENTER · PI BYRAREDDY, SIDDAPPA N, PAIARDINI, MIRKO · 2017 to 2020
$3.3M
Transmitted/Founder SHIV macaque modelR21AI114415 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA MEDICAL CENTER · PI BYRAREDDY, SIDDAPPA N · 2015 to 2016
$414k
Targeting gut-brain axis to eliminate CNS reservoirsR21MH113455 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA MEDICAL CENTER · PI BYRAREDDY, SIDDAPPA N · 2017 to 2018
$414k
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI113883NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI129745NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI114415NIMH NIH HHS R21 MH113455
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The primary route of HIV transmission is across mucosal tissues; therefore, developing a protective mucosal vaccine is a top priority. In a pilot study, using a macaque model, we delivered HIV gp140 envelope glycoprotein and SIVmac239 P55 Gag and Nef antigens using heterologous prime/boost via the intranasal route with a soybean oil-based nanoemulsion (NE) adjuvant and through the intramuscular route with the AS01B adjuvant system to generate enhanced cell-mediated immunity. We used a NE adjuvant to promote gut-homing cell-mediated immunity and the AS01B system to enhance humoral immune responses. Following intrarectal challenge with SHIV 4MTF.tHy, vaccinated macaques acquired the virus but experienced lower viral loads in plasma (P=0.003) and CSF (P=0.001), and potent polyfunctional gag-specific (CD107a+, IFNγ, TNFα+) responses across diverse lymph nodes. Significant antibody-dependent complement deposition (ADCD) and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) responses were induced, and gut-microbiome crosstalk could be modulated and showing reduced SHIV-dysbiosis. Notably, vaccination preserved mucosal all-trans retinoic acid levels (atRA) (p<0.05). However, no significant differences were observed for antibody responses between vaccinated and unvaccinated macaques. In summary, the induced gut-homing properties by the NE adjuvant are effective at generating cell-mediated immunity and reducing viral set points and warrant further investigations as a mucosal adjuvant in HIV vaccine design.

Indexed as

HIV vaccinemucosal adjuvantnanoemulsionNHP modelprotein subunit vaccineSHIVviral set point

Identifiers

PMID41676568
PMCPMC12889722

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.