ArticleArchives of medical science : AMS2025
Timing and dose matter: a diurnal pattern of coffee consumption optimises improvement in insulin resistance.
Article in Archives of medical science : AMS, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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9 authors.
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Abstract
Introduction: Given insulin resistance's (IR) critical role in metabolic pathophysiology, this study aims to identify optimal coffee consumption patterns by timing and dose to improve population health. Material and methods: Multivariate logistic regression and restricted cubic splines assessed associations between coffee timing, dosage, and IR (measured by estimated glucose disposal rate) from NHANES data (1999-2018). Interaction and subgroup analyses explored variations across population segments. Results: We analysed 21,138 participants, of whom 46.79% were non-consumers. Among consumers, 76% primarily drank coffee in the morning. Morning consumption at the lowest quartile (Q1) showed significant improvement in IR (odds ratio [OR] = 1.37, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16-1.62), although this benefit diminished with higher consumption levels ( Conclusions: Both morning and all-day coffee intake improve IR. For moderate consumption (1-2 cups/day), morning intake provides optimal improvement in insulin sensitivity. For higher intake (≥ 3 cups/day), distributed consumption is more effective. These findings support chrono-nutrition principles for optimising metabolic health through coffee consumption.
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