ArticleAmerican journal of translational research2026
Clinical significance of corneal confocal microscopy characteristics and inflammatory cytokines in Sjögren's syndrome-related dry eye disease.
Article in American journal of translational research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectiveTo characterize the relationships between
methodsA retrospective case - control study was conducted (Jan 2019 - Jan 2022), including 120 SS-DED patients and 88 healthy controls. Corneal dendritic cell density (DCD), inflammatory cell density (ICD), and nerve fiber density (NFD) were quantified by IVCM. Tear break-up time (BUT), corneal fluorescein staining (FL), Schirmer test, and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) were assessed using standard protocols. Variables independently associated with SS-DED were identified using multivariable logistic regression, and their discrimination performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.
resultsCompared to controls, SS-DED patients showed significantly higher levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, DCD, and ICD, and lower NFD levels (all P<0.001). DCD correlated positively with IL-1β, BUT, FL, and OSDI (P<0.05), while NFD correlated negatively with BUT and FL (P<0.001). ICD positively correlated with IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and DCD (all P<0.001). Multivariate regression analysis identified IL-1β (OR=1.249, P<0.001), OSDI (OR=1.074, P=0.033), DCD (OR=1.411, P=0.002), and ICD (OR=1.006, P=0.018) as independent factors associated with SS-DED. Among them, DCD demonstrated the highest discriminative power (AUC=0.886; specificity 98.75%; sensitivity 65.00%).
conclusionElevated IL-1β, OSDI, DCD, and ICD levels are independent risk factors for SS-DED. Among these factors, DCD exhibited superior predictive performance over the others and may be a biomarker for SS-DED diagnosis and disease monitoring.
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