Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41675528›Full record

ArticleHardwareX2026

Open-source, low-cost 3D-printable testbed for in-body optical wireless communications research.

Syifaul Fuada, Lukasz Surazynski, Mariella Särestöniemi, Teemu Myllylä, Marcos Katz

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in HardwareX, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Syifaul FuadaCentre for Wireless Communications, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu 90570 Oulu, Finland.
Lukasz SurazynskiResearch Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu 90220 Oulu, Finland.
Mariella SärestöniemiCentre for Wireless Communications, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu 90570 Oulu, Finland.
Teemu MyllyläInfotech Oulu 90014 Oulu, Finland.
Marcos KatzCentre for Wireless Communications, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu 90570 Oulu, Finland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This hardware paper introduces an experimental testbed for in-body optical wireless communication (OWC) studies. The conventional version often relies on bulky optical benches and costly supporting equipment, which are often cost-prohibitive for many research institutions. The proposed testbed featured a small footprint, lightweight, a vertically aligned optical path (with fixed optical component placement), and ambient light shielding. It can be printed using commercial 3D printing, reducing costs compared to conventional optical benches. The 3D-printable testbed consists of a box-like chassis that securely positions a near-infrared (NIR) LED TX at the top and a photodetector RX at the bottom, with a tissue sample (

Indexed as

3D-printable testbedIn-body communicationIn-body devicesOptical wireless communication (OWC)

Identifiers

PMID41675528
PMCPMC12887182

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.