Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41675418›Full record

ReviewChemical science2026

Mechanism-guided design of specific-activated photosensitizers for precision photodynamic therapy.

Kai Wang, Xiaoying Mao, Wuyan Xie, Xiaoyan Liu, Qin Zhou, Dan Wu, Qing Zhu, Bin Liu

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Chemical science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
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  6. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Kai WangCollege of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology Chaowang Road 18 Hangzhou 310014 China zhuq@zjut.edu.cn.
Xiaoying MaoCollege of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology Chaowang Road 18 Hangzhou 310014 China zhuq@zjut.edu.cn.
Wuyan XieCollege of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology Chaowang Road 18 Hangzhou 310014 China zhuq@zjut.edu.cn.
Xiaoyan LiuCollege of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology Chaowang Road 18 Hangzhou 310014 China zhuq@zjut.edu.cn.
Qin ZhouCollege of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology Chaowang Road 18 Hangzhou 310014 China zhuq@zjut.edu.cn.
Dan WuCollege of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology Chaowang Road 18 Hangzhou 310014 China.
Qing ZhuCollege of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology Chaowang Road 18 Hangzhou 310014 China zhuq@zjut.edu.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0761-9434
Bin LiuDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117583 Singapore cheliub@nus.edu.sg.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0956-2777

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The clinical application of conventional photodynamic therapy (PDT) is often limited by the nonspecific phototoxicity of "always-on" photosensitizers. Activatable photosensitizers (aPSs) have emerged as a promising solution to this challenge. These smart agents are designed to remain inactive under normal physiological conditions and become activated only by disease-specific stimuli, thereby significantly improving treatment specificity and safety. This review summarizes the key design strategies for developing effective aPSs. We focus on the general principles of utilizing various quenching mechanisms, such as energy or electron transfer processes and aggregation behavior control, to suppress photosensitizer activity until a specific trigger is encountered. Representative examples are discussed to illustrate how these designs respond to biomarkers like enzymes, glutathione, or acidic pH to activate therapeutic functions. By minimizing off-target effects and enhancing spatial control, these mechanism-guided approaches pave the way for more precise and clinically viable PDT protocols, aligning with the core objectives of precision medicine.

Identifiers

PMID41675418
PMCPMC12887697

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.